Kilian M, Chapple I L C, Hannig M, Marsh P D, Meuric V, Pedersen A M L, Tonetti M S, Wade W G, Zaura E
Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Br Dent J. 2016 Nov 18;221(10):657-666. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.865.
For millions of years, our resident microbes have coevolved and coexisted with us in a mostly harmonious symbiotic relationship. We are not distinct entities from our microbiome, but together we form a 'superorganism' or holobiont, with the microbiome playing a significant role in our physiology and health. The mouth houses the second most diverse microbial community in the body, harbouring over 700 species of bacteria that colonise the hard surfaces of teeth and the soft tissues of the oral mucosa. Through recent advances in technology, we have started to unravel the complexities of the oral microbiome and gained new insights into its role during both health and disease. Perturbations of the oral microbiome through modern-day lifestyles can have detrimental consequences for our general and oral health. In dysbiosis, the finely-tuned equilibrium of the oral ecosystem is disrupted, allowing disease-promoting bacteria to manifest and cause conditions such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. For practitioners and patients alike, promoting a balanced microbiome is therefore important to effectively maintain or restore oral health. This article aims to give an update on our current knowledge of the oral microbiome in health and disease and to discuss implications for modern-day oral healthcare.
数百万年来，我们体内的微生物与我们共同进化并共生，形成了一种基本和谐的共生关系。我们与微生物群并非独立的个体，而是共同构成了一个“超级生物体”或全生物，微生物群在我们的生理和健康中发挥着重要作用。口腔是人体中微生物群落第二丰富的部位，栖息着700多种细菌，它们定殖在牙齿的硬表面和口腔黏膜的软组织上。通过近年来技术的进步，我们开始揭示口腔微生物群的复杂性，并对其在健康和疾病过程中的作用有了新的认识。现代生活方式对口腔微生物群的干扰会对我们的全身健康和口腔健康产生不利影响。在生态失调的情况下，口腔生态系统的精细平衡被打破，使促病细菌得以显现并引发龋齿、牙龈炎和牙周炎等病症。因此，对于从业者和患者来说，促进微生物群的平衡对于有效维持或恢复口腔健康至关重要。本文旨在更新我们目前对健康和疾病状态下口腔微生物群的认识，并探讨其对现代口腔医疗的影响。
