Di Gessa Giorgio, Corna Laurie M, Platts Loretta G, Worts Diana, McDonough Peggy, Sacker Amanda, Price Debora, Glaser Karen
Department of Social Policy, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
Institute of Gerontology, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2017 May;71(5):431-438. doi: 10.1136/jech-2016-208086. Epub 2016 Dec 9.
Given the current policy emphasis in many Western societies on extending working lives, we investigated the health effects of being in paid work beyond state pension age (SPA). Until now, work has largely focused on the health of those who exit the labour force early.
Our data come from waves 2-4 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, including the life history interview at wave 3. Using logistic and linear regression models, we assessed the longitudinal associations between being in paid work beyond SPA and 3 measures of health (depression, a latent measure of somatic health and sleep disturbance) among men aged 65-74 and women aged 60-69. Our analyses controlled for baseline health and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as for work histories and health in adulthood and childhood.
Approximately a quarter of women and 15% of men were in paid work beyond SPA. Descriptive bivariate analyses suggested that men and women in paid work were more likely to report better health at follow-up. However, once baseline socioeconomic characteristics as well as adulthood and baseline health and labour market histories were accounted for, the health benefits of working beyond SPA were no longer significant.
Potential health benefits of working beyond SPA need to be considered in the light of the fact that those who report good health and are more socioeconomically advantaged are more likely to be working beyond SPA to begin with.
鉴于当前许多西方社会在政策上强调延长工作寿命，我们调查了达到国家养老金领取年龄（SPA）后仍从事有偿工作对健康的影响。到目前为止，研究主要集中在过早退出劳动力市场的人群的健康状况。
我们的数据来自英国老龄化纵向研究的第2至4轮，包括第3轮的生活史访谈。我们使用逻辑回归和线性回归模型，评估了65至74岁男性和60至69岁女性中，达到SPA后仍从事有偿工作与三种健康指标（抑郁、躯体健康的潜在指标和睡眠障碍）之间的纵向关联。我们的分析控制了基线健康状况、社会经济特征，以及成年期和童年期的工作经历与健康状况。
约四分之一的女性和15%的男性在达到SPA后仍从事有偿工作。描述性双变量分析表明，从事有偿工作的男性和女性在随访时更有可能报告健康状况较好。然而，一旦考虑到基线社会经济特征以及成年期、基线健康状况和劳动力市场经历，达到SPA后工作对健康的益处就不再显著。
鉴于一开始报告健康状况良好且社会经济条件更优越的人更有可能在达到SPA后仍继续工作，因此在考虑达到SPA后工作对健康的潜在益处时需谨慎。
