Ross B H, Ryan W J, Tenpenny P L
Mem Cognit. 1989 Sep;17(5):639-51. doi: 10.3758/bf03197086.
Two issues were investigated concerning the retrieval of recently acquired relevant information for solving riddle problems. First, although earlier research indicated that problem solvers often fail to retrieve relevant information unless they are explicitly informed of its relevance, Bowden (1985) suggested that uninformed subjects would benefit greatly from additional problem-solving time. In two experiments, we found that uninformed subjects solved more problems than did subjects who did not receive the information, but a simple model attributed this difference to these uninformed subjects "catching on" to the information's relevance after solving some problems. Second, the retrieval characteristics were examined by varying the proportion of problems for which clues were given. Informed subjects given clues for only half of the problems benefited (though perhaps not fully) from being informed, without incurring any cost from being misdirected on the unclued problems. The discussion focuses on some ways in which accessing relevant information may affect problem solving.
关于为解决谜题问题而检索最近获取的相关信息，研究了两个问题。第一，尽管早期研究表明，除非明确告知问题解决者相关信息的相关性，否则他们往往无法检索到相关信息，但鲍登（1985年）认为，未被告知的受试者将从额外的解决问题时间中受益匪浅。在两项实验中，我们发现，未被告知的受试者比未收到信息的受试者解决了更多问题，但一个简单的模型将这种差异归因于这些未被告知的受试者在解决一些问题后“理解”了信息的相关性。第二，通过改变给出线索的问题比例来检验检索特征。仅为一半问题给出线索的知情受试者从被告知中受益（尽管可能不完全），而不会因在未给出线索的问题上被误导而付出任何代价。讨论集中在获取相关信息可能影响问题解决的一些方式上。
