Perrachione Tyler K, Del Tufo Stephanie N, Winter Rebecca, Murtagh Jack, Cyr Abigail, Chang Patricia, Halverson Kelly, Ghosh Satrajit S, Christodoulou Joanna A, Gabrieli John D E
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Neuron. 2016 Dec 21;92(6):1383-1397. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.020.
Identification of specific neurophysiological dysfunctions resulting in selective reading difficulty (dyslexia) has remained elusive. In addition to impaired reading development, individuals with dyslexia frequently exhibit behavioral deficits in perceptual adaptation. Here, we assessed neurophysiological adaptation to stimulus repetition in adults and children with dyslexia for a wide variety of stimuli, spoken words, written words, visual objects, and faces. For every stimulus type, individuals with dyslexia exhibited significantly diminished neural adaptation compared to controls in stimulus-specific cortical areas. Better reading skills in adults and children with dyslexia were associated with greater repetition-induced neural adaptation. These results highlight a dysfunction of rapid neural adaptation as a core neurophysiological difference in dyslexia that may underlie impaired reading development. Reduced neurophysiological adaptation may relate to prior reports of reduced behavioral adaptation in dyslexia and may reveal a difference in brain functions that ultimately results in a specific reading impairment.
导致选择性阅读困难（诵读困难）的特定神经生理功能障碍一直难以确定。除了阅读发展受损外，诵读困难个体在知觉适应方面也经常表现出行为缺陷。在这里，我们评估了患有诵读困难的成人和儿童对各种刺激（口语单词、书面单词、视觉物体和面孔）的神经生理适应情况。对于每种刺激类型，与对照组相比，患有诵读困难的个体在特定刺激的皮层区域表现出明显减弱的神经适应。患有诵读困难的成人和儿童更好的阅读技能与更大的重复诱导神经适应相关。这些结果突出了快速神经适应功能障碍是诵读困难的核心神经生理差异，这可能是阅读发展受损的基础。神经生理适应能力下降可能与先前关于诵读困难患者行为适应能力下降的报道有关，并且可能揭示出最终导致特定阅读障碍的脑功能差异。
