Wickwire Emerson M, Geiger-Brown Jeanne, Scharf Steven M, Drake Christopher L
Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
School of Health Professions, Stevenson University, Stevenson, MD.
Chest. 2017 May;151(5):1156-1172. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.12.007. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
Throughout the industrialized world, nearly one in five employees works some form of nontraditional shift. Such shift work is associated with numerous negative health consequences, ranging from cognitive complaints to cancer, as well as diminished quality of life. Furthermore, a substantial percentage of shift workers develop shift work disorder, a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness, insomnia, or both as a result of shift work. In addition to adverse health consequences and diminished quality of life at the individual level, shift work disorder incurs significant costs to employers through diminished workplace performance and increased accidents and errors. Nonetheless, shift work will remain a vital component of the modern economy. This article reviews seminal and recent literature regarding shift work, with an eye toward real-world application in clinical and organizational settings.
在整个工业化世界，近五分之一的员工从事某种形式的非传统轮班工作。这种轮班工作与众多负面健康后果相关，从认知问题到癌症，还会降低生活质量。此外，相当大比例的轮班工人会患上轮班工作障碍，这是一种昼夜节律睡眠障碍，其特征是由于轮班工作导致过度嗜睡、失眠或两者兼而有之。除了在个人层面造成不良健康后果和降低生活质量外，轮班工作障碍还会因工作场所表现下降以及事故和错误增加而给雇主带来巨大成本。尽管如此，轮班工作仍将是现代经济的重要组成部分。本文回顾了关于轮班工作的开创性和近期文献，着眼于在临床和组织环境中的实际应用。
