The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
Division of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
J Diabetes Investig. 2017 Jul;8(4):480-488. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12614. Epub 2017 Feb 3.
AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological evidence for the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of type 2 diabetes is controversial. A meta-analysis based on prospective cohorts was carried out to evaluate this issue.
Pooled diabetic risk was calculated using a fixed or random effects model. The dose-response relationship was assessed by meta-regression analysis.
The study showed that consumption of single omega-3 was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk [RR] = 1.45, P < 0.001); whereas the RR for mixed omega-3 was statistically insignificant. The dose-response curve presented an inverted U-shape of diabetes risk corresponding to the dose of omega-3 consumption. Subanalysis showed that omega-3 was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk in Asians (RR = 0.82, P < 0.001); whereas the risk was increased in Westerners (RR = 1.30, P < 0.001). Studies with follow-up duration ≥16 years and baseline age ≥54 years showed a positive association between type 2 diabetes risk and omega-3 intake.
The present findings suggest that dosage and composition of omega-3, ethnicity, trial duration, and age could influence the effect of omega-3 on type 2 diabetes progression.
目的/引言：关于ω-3 脂肪酸对 2 型糖尿病风险影响的流行病学证据存在争议。本研究通过基于前瞻性队列的荟萃分析来评估这一问题。
采用固定或随机效应模型计算糖尿病的累积风险。通过荟萃回归分析评估剂量-反应关系。
研究表明，单一 ω-3 脂肪酸的摄入与 2 型糖尿病的风险增加相关（相对风险 [RR] = 1.45，P < 0.001）；而混合 ω-3 脂肪酸的 RR 则无统计学意义。剂量-反应曲线显示出与 ω-3 脂肪酸摄入量相对应的糖尿病风险的倒 U 形曲线。亚组分析显示，ω-3 脂肪酸与亚洲人 2 型糖尿病风险呈负相关（RR = 0.82，P < 0.001）；而在西方人中风险增加（RR = 1.30，P < 0.001）。随访时间≥16 年且基线年龄≥54 年的研究表明，2 型糖尿病风险与 ω-3 摄入之间存在正相关。
本研究结果表明，ω-3 的剂量和组成、种族、试验持续时间和年龄可能会影响 ω-3 对 2 型糖尿病进展的影响。
