Roehrs Alex, da Costa Cristiano André, Righi Rodrigo da Rosa, de Oliveira Kleinner Silva Farias
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Computação Aplicada, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
J Med Internet Res. 2017 Jan 6;19(1):e13. doi: 10.2196/jmir.5876.
Information and communication technology (ICT) has transformed the health care field worldwide. One of the main drivers of this change is the electronic health record (EHR). However, there are still open issues and challenges because the EHR usually reflects the partial view of a health care provider without the ability for patients to control or interact with their data. Furthermore, with the growth of mobile and ubiquitous computing, the number of records regarding personal health is increasing exponentially. This movement has been characterized as the Internet of Things (IoT), including the widespread development of wearable computing technology and assorted types of health-related sensors. This leads to the need for an integrated method of storing health-related data, defined as the personal health record (PHR), which could be used by health care providers and patients. This approach could combine EHRs with data gathered from sensors or other wearable computing devices. This unified view of patients' health could be shared with providers, who may not only use previous health-related records but also expand them with data resulting from their interactions. Another PHR advantage is that patients can interact with their health data, making decisions that may positively affect their health.
This work aimed to explore the recent literature related to PHRs by defining the taxonomy and identifying challenges and open questions. In addition, this study specifically sought to identify data types, standards, profiles, goals, methods, functions, and architecture with regard to PHRs.
The method to achieve these objectives consists of using the systematic literature review approach, which is guided by research questions using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and context (PICOC) criteria.
As a result, we reviewed more than 5000 scientific studies published in the last 10 years, selected the most significant approaches, and thoroughly surveyed the health care field related to PHRs. We developed an updated taxonomy and identified challenges, open questions, and current data types, related standards, main profiles, input strategies, goals, functions, and architectures of the PHR.
All of these results contribute to the achievement of a significant degree of coverage regarding the technology related to PHRs.
信息通信技术（ICT）已改变了全球医疗保健领域。这种变革的主要驱动力之一是电子健康记录（EHR）。然而，仍存在一些未解决的问题和挑战，因为电子健康记录通常反映的是医疗服务提供者的部分观点，患者无法控制或与自己的数据进行交互。此外，随着移动和普适计算的发展，个人健康记录的数量呈指数级增长。这一趋势被称为物联网（IoT），包括可穿戴计算技术的广泛发展以及各类与健康相关的传感器。这就需要一种集成方法来存储与健康相关的数据，即个人健康记录（PHR），供医疗服务提供者和患者使用。这种方法可以将电子健康记录与从传感器或其他可穿戴计算设备收集的数据相结合。患者健康的这种统一视图可以与医疗服务提供者共享，他们不仅可以使用以前的健康相关记录，还可以通过交互产生的数据对其进行扩充。个人健康记录的另一个优势是患者可以与自己的健康数据进行交互，做出可能对其健康产生积极影响的决策。
这项工作旨在通过定义分类法并识别挑战和开放性问题，探索与个人健康记录相关的近期文献。此外，本研究特别试图确定个人健康记录的数据类型、标准、概况、目标、方法、功能和架构。
实现这些目标的方法包括使用系统文献综述方法，该方法以使用人群、干预措施、对照、结局和背景（PICOC）标准的研究问题为指导。
结果，我们回顾了过去10年发表的5000多篇科学研究，选择了最重要的方法，并对与个人健康记录相关的医疗保健领域进行了全面调查。我们开发了一个更新的分类法，并确定了个人健康记录的挑战、开放性问题、当前数据类型、相关标准、主要概况、输入策略、目标、功能和架构。
所有这些结果有助于在很大程度上涵盖与个人健康记录相关的技术。
