Etu Edao Sinba, Gemeda Desta Hiko, Hussen Mamusha Aman
Negele Borena Health Science College, Oromia Regional State, Negele Borena, Ethiopia.
College of Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Tob Induc Dis. 2017 Jan 5;15:1. doi: 10.1186/s12971-016-0106-7. eCollection 2017.
Deaths due to tobacco consumption are on the rise, from 5.4 million in 2005 to 6.4 million in 2015 and 8.3 million in 2030 of which more than 80% will be in developing countries. Smokeless tobacco use is a significant health risk and cause of disease. Over 300 million people use smokeless tobacco worldwide. More than 250 million adult smokeless tobacco users are in low- and middle-income countries, the total burden of smokeless tobacco use is likely to be substantial. In Ethiopia, nationally representative data on the smokeless tobacco use is not available. Most studies conducted in the country focused on cigarette smoking.
A community based cross-sectional study using quantitative and qualitative approaches was conducted from September 14-29, 2015. The study was conducted among adults in pastoralist communities in Borena zone, Ethiopia. A total of 634 households were selected randomly for interview. An interviewer-administered questionnaire and in-depth interview guide was used to assess adults' practice, attitude, knowledge, and perception on Smokeless Tobacco use. Logistic regression was used to assess association between dependent and independent variables.
Out of 634 participants, 287 (45.3%) of them were current users of smokeless tobacco. Being Muslim (AOR = .21, 95% CI: .13, .33), being Christian (AOR = .38, 95% CI: .22, .67), and having good health risk perception toward smokeless tobacco use (AOR = .49, 95% CI: .34, .70) were protective factors for smokeless tobacco use, whereas favorable attitude (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.48, 3.04) and high social pressure towards smokeless tobacco use (AOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.47) were factors independently associated with smokeless tobacco use.
This study concludes that smokeless tobacco use is very common in the selected districts of the Borena zone. The practice is strong linked to the lifestyle of the community.
因烟草消费导致的死亡人数正在上升，从2005年的540万上升至2015年的640万，预计到2030年将达到830万，其中超过80%将发生在发展中国家。使用无烟烟草对健康有重大风险并会引发疾病。全球有超过3亿人使用无烟烟草。超过2.5亿成年无烟烟草使用者在低收入和中等收入国家，无烟烟草使用的总体负担可能很大。在埃塞俄比亚，尚无关于无烟烟草使用的全国代表性数据。该国开展的大多数研究都集中在吸烟方面。
于2015年9月14日至29日采用定量和定性方法进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。该研究在埃塞俄比亚博雷纳地区的游牧社区成年人中开展。总共随机选择了634户家庭进行访谈。采用访谈员管理的问卷和深入访谈指南来评估成年人对无烟烟草使用的行为、态度、知识和认知。使用逻辑回归来评估因变量和自变量之间的关联。
在634名参与者中，287人（45.3%）为当前无烟烟草使用者。穆斯林（比值比[AOR]=0.21，95%置信区间[CI]：0.13，0.33）、基督教徒（AOR=0.38，95%CI：0.22，0.67）以及对无烟烟草使用有良好的健康风险认知（AOR=0.49，95%CI：0.34，0.70）是无烟烟草使用的保护因素，而积极态度（AOR=2.12，95%CI：1.48，3.04）和对无烟烟草使用的高社会压力（AOR=1.73，95%CI：1.21，2.47）是与无烟烟草使用独立相关的因素。
本研究得出结论，无烟烟草使用在博雷纳地区的选定区域非常普遍。这种行为与社区的生活方式密切相关。
