1 Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
2 University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Health Educ Behav. 2017 Aug;44(4):598-612. doi: 10.1177/1090198116683169. Epub 2017 Jan 10.
Exposure to advertisements for tobacco products and tobacco warning labels evokes emotions. This study evaluated the association of discrete positive and negative emotions with interest in alternative tobacco products.
In 2013, 1,226 U.S. adult nonsmokers and current smokers viewed advertisements for moist snuff, snus, and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) with various warning labels and then indicated their emotional responses in terms of anger, anxiety, sadness, guilt, disgust, discouragement, hope, and contentment. Outcomes were openness to using moist snuff, snus, and e-cigarettes in the future and interest in a free sample of each product. Data were analyzed in 2016.
Hope was positively associated with openness and interest across all alternative tobacco products as was contentment for moist snuff and snus. Anger was negatively associated with openness to moist snuff and e-cigarettes, disgust negatively to moist snuff and snus, and anxiety negatively to e-cigarettes. Being a current smoker, ever trying a corresponding product, being male, and younger age were associated with greater openness to and interest in moist snuff and snus. For e-cigarettes, being a current smoker, ever trying e-cigarettes, and being female were associated with greater openness, and being a current smoker was associated with greater odds of selecting a free sample.
Positive emotions, particularly hope, were consistently positively associated with interest in alternative tobacco products. Hope is widely used by tobacco and e-cigarette companies to advertise their products. Antitobacco messages should aim to lower hope associated with tobacco products but increase hope for cessation or life without tobacco.
接触烟草制品广告和烟草警示标签会引起情绪反应。本研究评估了离散的积极情绪和消极情绪与对替代烟草产品兴趣的关联。
2013 年，1226 名美国成年非吸烟者和当前吸烟者观看了湿鼻烟、鼻烟和电子烟（电子烟）的广告，这些广告带有不同的警示标签，然后根据愤怒、焦虑、悲伤、内疚、厌恶、沮丧、希望和满足感来表达他们的情绪反应。结果是未来使用湿鼻烟、鼻烟和电子烟的开放性以及对每种产品免费样品的兴趣。数据于 2016 年进行分析。
希望与所有替代烟草产品的开放性和兴趣呈正相关，满足感与湿鼻烟和鼻烟相关。愤怒与对湿鼻烟和电子烟的开放性呈负相关，厌恶与湿鼻烟和鼻烟呈负相关，焦虑与电子烟呈负相关。当前吸烟者、曾经尝试过相应产品、男性和年轻是对湿鼻烟和鼻烟开放性和兴趣更高的相关因素。对于电子烟，当前吸烟者、曾经尝试过电子烟以及女性与更大的开放性相关，而当前吸烟者与选择免费样品的可能性更大相关。
积极情绪，特别是希望，与对替代烟草产品的兴趣始终呈正相关。希望是烟草和电子烟公司广泛用于宣传其产品的一种情绪。反烟草信息应旨在降低与烟草产品相关的希望，但增加对戒烟或无烟草生活的希望。
