Becker S, Schiekofer C, Vogt T, Reichrath J
Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg, Deutschland.
Hautarzt. 2017 Feb;68(2):120-126. doi: 10.1007/s00105-016-3927-7.
Melasma, also known as chloasma or mask of pregnancy, presents clinically as hyperpigmented skin areas, which develop mostly in the face as a consequence of increased synthesis of melanin. The established treatment options, including topically applied agents and the use of various laser systems, mostly result in improvement but not in complete remission of the lesions. Because of its significant impact on quality of life and the limited effectivity of available treatment options, the management of melasma is challenging for the treating physician. Although many risk factors, including pregnancy and UV exposure, have been identified, the pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Avoiding solar or artificial UV exposure is of high importance both for the prevention of melasma and for the clinical outcome of existing lesions. In order to avoid vitamin D deficiency, oral vitamin D supplementation should be recommended. In this review, we give an update on clinical aspects, epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapy of melasma and give an outlook on future developments.
黄褐斑，又称妊娠斑或肝斑，临床上表现为皮肤色素沉着过度区域，主要因黑色素合成增加而在面部出现。现有的治疗方法，包括局部用药和使用各种激光系统，大多能使病情有所改善，但无法使皮损完全消退。由于其对生活质量有重大影响，且现有治疗方法效果有限，黄褐斑的治疗对医生来说颇具挑战。尽管已确定许多风险因素，包括妊娠和紫外线照射，但发病机制尚未完全明确。避免日晒或人工紫外线照射对于预防黄褐斑以及现有皮损的临床转归都至关重要。为避免维生素D缺乏，应建议口服补充维生素D。在本综述中，我们更新了黄褐斑的临床方面、流行病学、发病机制和治疗等内容，并对未来发展进行了展望。
