Soung Young Hwa, Ford Shane, Zhang Vincent, Chung Jun
Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2017 Jan 12;9(1):8. doi: 10.3390/cancers9010008.
Exosomes are endosome derived extracellular vesicles of 30-120 nm size ranges. Exosomes have been identified as mediators of cell-to-cell communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids into recipient cells. While exosomes are secreted by multiple cell types, cancer derived exosomes not only influence the invasive potentials of proximally located cells, but also affect distantly located tissues. Based on their ability to alter tumor microenvironment by regulating immunity, angiogenesis and metastasis, there has been growing interest in defining the clinical relevance of exosomes in cancers. In particular, exosomes are valuable sources for biomarkers due to selective cargo loading and resemblance to their parental cells. In this review, we summarize the recent findings to utilize exosomes as cancer biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis and therapy selection.
外泌体是源自内体的细胞外囊泡，大小范围为30 - 120纳米。外泌体已被确定为细胞间通讯的介质，通过将核酸、蛋白质和脂质等生物活性分子转移到受体细胞中发挥作用。虽然多种细胞类型都能分泌外泌体，但癌症来源的外泌体不仅会影响邻近细胞的侵袭能力，还会影响远处的组织。基于其通过调节免疫、血管生成和转移来改变肿瘤微环境的能力，人们越来越关注外泌体在癌症中的临床相关性。特别是，由于外泌体具有选择性装载货物以及与其亲代细胞相似的特点，它们是有价值的生物标志物来源。在本综述中，我们总结了利用外泌体作为癌症生物标志物用于早期检测、诊断和治疗选择的最新研究结果。
