Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Addiction. 2021 Oct;116(10):2870-2879. doi: 10.1111/add.15446. Epub 2021 Apr 12.
Parallels between the persistent overconsumption of food and addictive drugs have given rise to the notion of food addiction. In a large community sample of Canadian adults, the current study examined the prevalence of food addiction and its relationship with obesity, quality of life and multiple indicators of impulsivity. A secondary goal was to analyze differences between obese and non-obese individuals with and without food addiction.
Cross-sectional in-person assessment.
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
A total of 1432 community adults (age = mean ± standard deviation = 38.93 ± 13.7; 42% male) recruited from the general community using print, bus and internet advertisements.
Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, anthropometrics (including body mass index), body composition (e.g. body fat, muscle mass, body water), World Health Organization Quality of Life scale and impulsivity measures, including impulsive personality traits, delay discounting and behavioral inhibition.
The prevalence of food addiction was 9.3% and substantially below that of obesity (32.7%), although food addiction was significantly more common among obese individuals (18.5%, P < 0.001). Food addiction was associated with significantly lower quality of life in all domains (βs = -0.21 to -0.34, Ps < 0.001) and significantly higher impulsive personality traits, particularly negative and positive urgency (βs = 0.37 and 0.30, Ps < 0.001). Subgroup contrasts within both the obese and non-obese strata revealed that food addiction was associated with significantly lower quality of life in all domains (Ps < 0.001). Food addiction among non-obese individuals was also associated with higher body mass index (P < 0.001).
In a general community sample, food addiction was present in slightly fewer than one in 10 individuals, approximately one-third the prevalence of obesity, but with twice the prevalence among obese individuals. Food addiction appears to be associated with substantively lower quality of life and elevations in impulsivity, particularly in deficits in emotional regulation.
食物过度消费与成瘾性药物之间存在相似性，这促使人们提出了食物成瘾的概念。在一项针对加拿大成年人的大型社区样本研究中，本研究调查了食物成瘾的流行程度及其与肥胖、生活质量和多种冲动性指标的关系。次要目标是分析有和没有食物成瘾的肥胖和非肥胖个体之间的差异。
横断面现场评估。
加拿大安大略省汉密尔顿。
使用印刷品、公共汽车和互联网广告从普通社区招募的 1432 名社区成年人（年龄=平均值±标准差=38.93±13.7；42%为男性）。
耶鲁食物成瘾量表 2.0、人体测量学（包括体重指数）、身体成分（如体脂肪、肌肉质量、身体水分）、世界卫生组织生活质量量表和冲动性测量，包括冲动人格特质、延迟折扣和行为抑制。
食物成瘾的患病率为 9.3%，明显低于肥胖症（32.7%），尽管肥胖人群中食物成瘾更为常见（18.5%，P<0.001）。食物成瘾与所有领域的生活质量显著降低相关（βs=-0.21 至-0.34，P<0.001），并且与冲动人格特质显著相关，尤其是负性和正性急迫性（βs=0.37 和 0.30，P<0.001）。在肥胖和非肥胖两个亚组中进行的亚组对比显示，食物成瘾与所有领域的生活质量显著降低相关（P<0.001）。非肥胖个体的食物成瘾也与更高的体重指数相关（P<0.001）。
在一般社区样本中，略少于十分之一的个体存在食物成瘾，大约是肥胖症流行率的三分之一，但在肥胖个体中患病率是其两倍。食物成瘾似乎与生活质量显著降低和冲动性升高有关，尤其是在情绪调节缺陷方面。
