Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; The Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
Dent Mater. 2017 Mar;33(3):257-270. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.11.011. Epub 2017 Jan 11.
Even though roughened titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys have been clinically used as dental implant, they encourage bacterial adhesion, leading to failure of the initial stability. Here, the non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NTAPPJ) functionalized Ti and Ti alloy were investigated to promote cellular activities but inhibit the initial attachment of the adherent pioneer bacterium, Streptococcus sanguinis, without topographical changes.
After the produced radicals from NTAPPJ were characterized, bacterial adhesion to specimens was assessed by PrestoBlue assay and live-dead staining with or without the NTAPPJ functionalizing. After the surface was characterized using optical profilometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle analysis, the ions released from the specimens were investigated. In vitro initial cell attachment (4h or 24h) with adhesion images and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP, 14 days) measurements were performed using rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
The initial bacterial adhesion to the Ti and Ti alloy was significantly inhibited after NTAPPJ functionalizing (p<0.05) compared to those without NTAPPJ functionalizing. The bacterial adhesion-resistance effect was induced by carbon cleaning, which was dependent on the working gas used on the Ti specimens (nitrogen>ammonia and air, p<0.05). The initial cell adhesion with well-developed vinculin localization and consequent ALP activity at 14days to the NTAPPJ-functionalized specimens were superior to the non-treated specimens.
For the promising success of dental implants, NTAPPJ functionalizing is suggested as a novel surface modification technique; this technique can help ensure the success of integration between the dental implants and bone tissues with less concern of inflammation.
尽管粗糙化的钛（Ti）和 Ti 合金已在临床上用作牙科植入物，但它们会促进细菌黏附，导致初始稳定性失败。在此，研究了非热常压等离子射流（NTAPPJ）功能化 Ti 和 Ti 合金，以促进细胞活性，同时抑制黏附先驱菌——血链球菌的初始附着，而不改变形貌。
在表征 NTAPPJ 产生的自由基后，通过 PrestoBlue 测定法和死活染色法评估细菌对标本的黏附情况，有无 NTAPPJ 功能化。使用光学轮廓仪、X 射线光电子能谱和接触角分析对表面进行表征后，研究了从标本中释放的离子。通过体外大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞初始细胞附着（4h 或 24h）、黏附图像和碱性磷酸酶活性（ALP，14 天）测量来评价。
与未经 NTAPPJ 功能化的 Ti 和 Ti 合金相比，NTAPPJ 功能化后 Ti 和 Ti 合金的初始细菌黏附显著减少（p<0.05）。这种细菌抗黏附效果是由碳清洗引起的，而碳清洗效果取决于作用于 Ti 标本的工作气体（氮气>氨和空气，p<0.05）。14 天时，具有良好 vinculin 定位的初始细胞黏附以及随后的 ALP 活性对 NTAPPJ 功能化标本优于未经处理的标本。
为了使牙科植入物取得有前景的成功，建议将 NTAPPJ 功能化作为一种新的表面改性技术；这种技术可以帮助确保牙科植入物与骨组织之间的整合成功，而不必过分担心炎症。
