Liu Dong-Li, Wei Jian-Chun, Chen Qiu-Lan, Guo Xue-Jun, Zhang En-Min, He Li, Liang Xu-Dong, Ma Guo-Zhu, Zhou Ti-Cao, Yin Wen-Wu, Liu Wei, Liu Kai, Shi Yi, Ji Jian-Jun, Zhang Hui-Juan, Ma Lin, Zhang Fa-Xin, Zhang Zhi-Kai, Zhou Hang, Yu Hong-Jie, Kan Biao, Xu Jian-Guo, Liu Feng, Li Wei
Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi province, China.
National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Changping, Beijing, China.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2017 Jan 17;6(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s40249-016-0218-6.
Anthrax is an acute zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium known as Bacillus anthracis. From 26 July to 8 August 2015, an outbreak with 20 suspected cutaneous anthrax cases was reported in Ganquan County, Shaanxi province in China. The genetic source tracking analysis of the anthrax outbreak was performed by molecular epidemiological methods in this study.
Three molecular typing methods, namely canonical single nucleotide polymorphisms (canSNP), multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and single nucleotide repeat (SNR) analysis, were used to investigate the possible source of transmission and identify the genetic relationship among the strains isolated from human cases and diseased animals during the outbreak.
Five strains isolated from diseased mules were clustered together with patients' isolates using canSNP typing and MLVA. The causative B. anthracis lineages in this outbreak belonged to the A.Br.001/002 canSNP subgroup and the MLVA15-31 genotype (the 31 genotype in MLVA15 scheme). Because nine isolates from another four provinces in China were clustered together with outbreak-related strains by the canSNP (A.Br.001/002 subgroup) and MLVA15 method (MLVA15-31 genotype), still another SNR analysis (CL10, CL12, CL33, and CL35) was used to source track the outbreak, and the results suggesting that these patients in the anthrax outbreak were probably infected by the same pathogen clone.
It was deduced that the anthrax outbreak occurred in Shaanxi province, China in 2015 was a local occurrence.
炭疽是由炭疽芽孢杆菌引起的一种急性人畜共患传染病。2015年7月26日至8月8日，中国陕西省甘泉县报告了一起有20例疑似皮肤炭疽病例的疫情。本研究采用分子流行病学方法对该炭疽疫情进行了基因溯源分析。
运用三种分子分型方法，即标准单核苷酸多态性（canSNP）、多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析（MLVA）和单核苷酸重复序列（SNR）分析，来调查可能的传播来源，并确定疫情期间从人类病例和患病动物分离出的菌株之间的遗传关系。
使用canSNP分型和MLVA方法，从患病骡子分离出的5株菌株与患者的分离株聚集在一起。本次疫情中致病的炭疽芽孢杆菌谱系属于A.Br.001/002 canSNP亚组和MLVA15-31基因型（MLVA15方案中的31基因型）。由于中国其他四个省份的9株分离株通过canSNP（A.Br.001/002亚组）和MLVA15方法（MLVA15-31基因型）与疫情相关菌株聚集在一起，因此又采用了另一种SNR分析（CL10、CL12、CL33和CL35）对疫情进行溯源，结果表明这些炭疽疫情中的患者可能感染了同一病原体克隆。
推断2015年中国陕西省发生的炭疽疫情是局部发生的。
