Ng'eno Bernadette N, Perrine Cria G, Whitehead Ralph D, Subedi Giri Raj, Mebrahtu Saba, Dahal Pradiumna, Jefferds Maria Elena D
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity & Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770, Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA.
Nutrients. 2017 Jan 17;9(1):72. doi: 10.3390/nu9010072.
Many children in low- and middle-income countries may have inadequate intake of vitamin B12 and folate; data confirming these inadequacies are limited. We used biochemical, demographic, behavioral and anthropometric data to describe the folate and vitamin B12 concentrations among six- to 23-month-old Nepalese children. Vitamin B12 (serum B12 < 150 pmol/L) and folate deficiencies (red blood cell (RBC) folate < 226.5 nmol/L) were assessed. We used logistic regression to identify predictors of vitamin B12 deficiency. The vitamin B12 geometric mean was 186 pmol/L; 30.2% of children were deficient. The mean RBC folate concentration was 13,612 nmol/L; there was no deficiency. Factors associated with vitamin B12 deficiency included: (a) age six to 11 months (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 1.92) or 12-17 months (aOR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.72) compared to 18-23 months; (b) being stunted (aOR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.50) compared to not being stunted; (c) and not eating animal-source foods (aOR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.42, 2.41) compared to eating animal-source foods the previous day. There was a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency, but no folate deficiency. Improving early feeding practices, including the consumption of rich sources of vitamin B12, such as animal-source foods and fortified foods, may help decrease deficiency.
许多低收入和中等收入国家的儿童可能维生素B12和叶酸摄入不足；证实这些不足的数据有限。我们利用生化、人口统计学、行为学和人体测量学数据来描述6至23个月大的尼泊尔儿童体内叶酸和维生素B12的浓度。评估了维生素B12（血清B12<150 pmol/L）和叶酸缺乏（红细胞（RBC）叶酸<226.5 nmol/L）情况。我们使用逻辑回归来确定维生素B12缺乏的预测因素。维生素B12的几何平均数为186 pmol/L；30.2%的儿童缺乏维生素B12。红细胞叶酸平均浓度为13,612 nmol/L；无缺乏情况。与维生素B12缺乏相关的因素包括：（a）6至11个月龄（调整优势比（aOR）1.51；95%置信区间（CI）：1.18，1.92）或12至17个月龄（aOR 1.38；95%CI：1.10，1.72），而不是18至23个月龄；（b）发育迟缓（aOR 1.24；95%CI：1.03，1.50）与未发育迟缓相比；（c）与前一天食用动物源性食物相比，未食用动物源性食物（aOR 1.85；95%CI：1.42，2.41）。维生素B12缺乏的患病率很高，但没有叶酸缺乏情况。改善早期喂养方式，包括食用富含维生素B12的食物，如动物源性食物和强化食品，可能有助于减少缺乏情况。
