Oike Hideaki
a Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Japan.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2017 May;81(5):863-870. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1281722. Epub 2017 Jan 24.
Daily activity rhythms that are dominated by internal clocks are called circadian rhythms. A central clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and peripheral clocks are located in most mammalian peripheral cells. The central clock is entrained by light/dark cycles, whereas peripheral clocks are entrained by feeding cycles. The effects of nutrients on the central and peripheral clocks have been investigated during the past decade and much interaction between them has come to light. For example, a high-fat diet prolongs the period of circadian behavior, a ketogenic diet advances the onset of locomotor activity rhythms, and a high-salt diet advances the phase of peripheral molecular clocks. Moreover, some food factors such as caffeine, nobiletin, and resveratrol, alter molecular and/or behavioral circadian rhythms. Here, we review nutrients and food factors that modulate mammalian circadian clocks from the cellular to the behavioral level.
由内部生物钟主导的日常活动节律被称为昼夜节律。一个中央生物钟位于下丘脑的视交叉上核，而外周生物钟则位于大多数哺乳动物的外周细胞中。中央生物钟受光/暗周期的调节，而外周生物钟受进食周期的调节。在过去十年中，人们对营养物质对中央和外周生物钟的影响进行了研究，并且它们之间的许多相互作用已被揭示。例如，高脂肪饮食会延长昼夜行为的周期，生酮饮食会提前运动活动节律的开始，高盐饮食会使外周分子生物钟的相位提前。此外，一些食物因子如咖啡因、橙皮素和白藜芦醇会改变分子和/或行为昼夜节律。在这里，我们综述了从细胞水平到行为水平调节哺乳动物昼夜生物钟的营养物质和食物因子。
