Oike Hideaki, Oishi Katsutaka, Kobori Masuko
Food Function Division, National Food Research Institute (NFRI), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642 Japan ; Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan.
Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan ; Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan ; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2014 Apr 27;3(3):204-212. doi: 10.1007/s13668-014-0082-6. eCollection 2014.
Circadian clocks that comprise clock genes exist throughout the body and control daily physiological events. The central clock that dominates activity rhythms is entrained by light/dark cycles, whereas peripheral clocks regulating local metabolic rhythms are determined by feeding/fasting cycles. Nutrients reset peripheral circadian clocks and the local clock genes control downstream metabolic processes. Metabolic states also affect the clockworks in feedback manners. Because the circadian system organizes whole energy homeostasis, including food intake, fat accumulation, and caloric expenditure, the disruption of circadian clocks leads to metabolic disorders. Recent findings show that time-restricted feeding during the active phase amplifies circadian clocks and improves metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet without caloric reduction, whereas unusual/irregular food intake induces various metabolic dysfunctions. Such evidence from nutrition studies that consider circadian system (chrononutrition) has rapidly accumulated. We review molecular relationships between circadian clocks and nutrition as well as recent chrononutrition findings.
由时钟基因构成的昼夜节律时钟遍布全身，控制着日常生理活动。主导活动节律的中央时钟受光/暗周期的影响，而调节局部代谢节律的外周时钟则由进食/禁食周期决定。营养物质可重置外周昼夜节律时钟，局部时钟基因控制下游代谢过程。代谢状态也会以反馈方式影响生物钟机制。由于昼夜节律系统调控着包括食物摄入、脂肪积累和热量消耗在内的整个能量平衡，昼夜节律时钟的紊乱会导致代谢紊乱。最近的研究结果表明，在活跃期进行限时进食可增强昼夜节律时钟，并改善由高脂饮食诱导的代谢紊乱，且无需减少热量摄入，而不规律的饮食会引发各种代谢功能障碍。这类考虑昼夜节律系统的营养研究（时间营养学）证据迅速积累。我们综述了昼夜节律时钟与营养之间的分子关系以及近期时间营养学的研究结果。
