Department of Neurology, New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, New York; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California.
Department of Medical Services, Uganda Defense Forces, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
Ethn Dis. 2017 Jan 19;27(1):15-20. doi: 10.18865/ed.27.1.15.
Rapid urbanization is changing the epidemiology of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to identify the determinants of raised blood pressure in urban Uganda to highlight targets for preventive interventions.
Case-control.
Three community-based sites in Kampala, the capital of Uganda.
Participants were eligible to enroll if they were aged ≥18 years and not pregnant.
450 cases with raised blood pressure were frequency matched by sex and age to 412 controls. Unconditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of socio-demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and laboratory variables with the outcome of raised blood pressure. Cases currently treated with antihypertensive medication and cases not treated with antihypertensive medication were analyzed separately.
Significantly increased odds of raised blood pressure were associated with overweight body mass index (BMI) (25 kg/m ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m), obese BMI (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m) and hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%. Significantly decreased odds of raised blood pressure were associated with moderate-to-vigorous work-related physical activity of >4 hours/week. No significant associations were found between raised blood pressure and marital status, education level, car or flush toilet ownership, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, moderate-to-vigorous leisure-related physical activity > 4 hours/week, waist-to-hip ratio, or total cholesterol levels.
Targeted interventions are needed to address the key modifiable risk factors for raised blood pressure identified in this study, namely elevated BMI and regular physical activity, in order to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in urban Uganda.
快速城市化正在改变撒哈拉以南非洲地区非传染性疾病的流行病学。我们旨在确定乌干达城市地区高血压的决定因素，以突出预防干预的目标。
病例对照研究。
乌干达首都坎帕拉的三个社区基地。
如果年龄≥18 岁且未怀孕，则有资格参加。
通过性别和年龄将 450 例高血压病例与 412 例对照进行频率匹配。使用非条件逻辑回归评估社会人口统计学，生活方式，人体测量和实验室变量与高血压结局的关联。分别分析目前正在服用抗高血压药物的病例和未服用抗高血压药物的病例。
超重体重指数（BMI）（25kg/m≤BMI<30kg/m），肥胖 BMI（BMI≥30kg/m）和血红蛋白 A1c≥6.5%与高血压的几率显著增加相关。与每周进行>4 小时的中度至剧烈工作相关体力活动相关的高血压几率显著降低。高血压与婚姻状况，教育水平，汽车或冲水马桶的拥有情况，饮食习惯，饮酒习惯，吸烟习惯，每周>4 小时的中度至剧烈休闲相关体力活动，腰臀比或总胆固醇水平之间无明显关联。
需要采取有针对性的干预措施来解决本研究中确定的高血压的关键可改变危险因素，即升高的 BMI 和有规律的体力活动，以降低乌干达城市地区心血管疾病的负担。
