Becker Norbert, Schön Stefanie, Klein Alexandra-Maria, Ferstl Ina, Kizgin Ali, Tannich Egbert, Kuhn Carola, Pluskota Björn, Jöst Artur
Institute for Dipterology (IfD)/KABS, Georg-Peter-Süß-Str. 3, 67346, Speyer, Germany.
Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Parasitol Res. 2017 Mar;116(3):847-858. doi: 10.1007/s00436-016-5356-z. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus has undergone a dramatic expansion of its range in the last few decades. Since its first detection in 2007 in Germany at the motorway A5 coming from Italy via Switzerland to Germany, it has been continuously introduced by vehicles, most probably from Italy. After a hint from an alert gardener in an allotment garden area in Freiburg, Southwest Germany, in 2015, a surveillance programme was started focusing on the garden area and adjacent areas as well as most of the cemeteries as potential infestation areas. The surveillance programme confirmed a high infestation of the allotment garden. The container index (CI) exceeded almost 30% in August 2015. In lethal gravid Aedes traps (GATs) and BG-Sentinel traps, 4038 adults were caught. It could be proven that the Aedes population is more or less still spatially restricted to the allotment garden area which is adjacent to a train station where trucks from Novara, Italy, arrive loaded on trains. Outside the garden area, only a few breeding sites with developmental stages and adults were found within a radius of approximately 600 m from the highly infested garden area. It is most likely that Ae. albopictus females are constantly introduced as 'blind passengers' to Freiburg via trucks from Italy to Freiburg, Germany. After the first detection of the mass development of Ae. albopictus immediate and comprehensive control measures were initiated to reduce or even eliminate the Aedes population. Citizen awareness, especially of the gardeners, was increased by providing thorough information about the biology and control of Ae. albopictus. Beside environmental management, tablets based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) were applied. The success of the control activities by the gardeners is reflected by the data gained during monthly inspection of the garden plots. The number of gardens without any container increased from 17% in July to 22% in August and 35% in September, 2015, resulting in a successful reduction of the Ae. albopictus population. The study underlines the importance of a comprehensive surveillance programme to assess the population density of Ae. albopictus as a basis for integrated control activities.
亚洲虎蚊白纹伊蚊在过去几十年里其分布范围急剧扩大。自2007年首次在德国被发现以来，它是通过车辆持续传入的，很可能来自意大利，当时是在从意大利经瑞士前往德国的A5高速公路上。2015年，德国西南部弗赖堡一个分配花园区域的一位警觉的园丁提供了线索后，启动了一项监测计划，重点关注该花园区域及周边地区以及大部分墓地这些潜在的滋生区域。监测计划证实该分配花园滋生情况严重。2015年8月，容器指数（CI）几乎超过30%。在致命孕蚊诱捕器（GATs）和BG-哨兵诱捕器中，捕获了4038只成虫。可以证明，白纹伊蚊种群在空间上或多或少仍局限于与一个火车站相邻的分配花园区域，来自意大利诺瓦拉的卡车在该火车站卸货。在花园区域外，在距离滋生严重的花园区域约600米半径范围内，仅发现了少数有发育阶段蚊虫和成虫的滋生地。很可能白纹伊蚊雌蚊作为“隐匿乘客”通过从意大利开往德国弗赖堡的卡车不断被带入弗赖堡。在首次发现白纹伊蚊大量繁殖后，立即采取了全面的控制措施以减少甚至消除伊蚊种群。通过提供有关白纹伊蚊生物学特性和防治的详尽信息，提高了市民尤其是园丁的意识。除了环境管理外，还应用了基于以色列亚种苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bti）的片剂。园丁们控制活动的成效体现在2015年每月对花园地块检查所获得的数据上。没有任何容器的花园数量从7月的17%增加到8月的22%以及9月 的35%，从而成功减少了白纹伊蚊种群数量。该研究强调了全面监测计划对于评估白纹伊蚊种群密度作为综合控制活动基础的重要性。
