Adventist Health Studies, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics of Bonn, Bonn.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 Aug;61(8). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201600828. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
Phytosterols are bioactive compounds in plants with similar cholesterol-lowering properties as vegetarian diets. However, information on phytosterol intake and plasma plant sterols among vegetarians is sparse.
We examined dietary intake and plasma concentration of plant sterols and cholesterol across five dietary patterns in the Adventist Health Study-2 Calibration Sub-study (n = 861, 66% females, average age 61 years). To measure intake and plasma concentrations of these compounds, we used 24-h dietary recalls and gas-liquid chromatography-flame ionization detection, respectively. Mean (SD) total phytosterol and cholesterol intake were 363 (176) mg/day and 131 (111) mg/day; plasma β-sitosterol, campesterol, and cholesterol were 3.3 (1.7) μg/mL, 4.2 (2.3) μg/mL, and 1.9 (0.4) mg/mL, respectively. Total phytosterol intake was lowest among non-vegetarians (263 mg/day) and highest among vegans (428 mg/day) (p < 0.0001). Cholesterol intake was lowest among vegans (15.2 mg/day) and highest among non-vegetarians (124.6 mg/day) (p < 0.0001). Plasma plant sterols and cholesterol did not differ by diet. Cholesterol-adjusted plasma β-sitosterol and campesterol were significantly higher in Blacks than Whites, though no ethnic differences were observed in dietary intake of these plant sterols.
Dietary intake but not plasma concentration of plant sterols and cholesterol varies across distinct plant-based diets.
植物甾醇是植物中的生物活性化合物，具有与素食相似的降低胆固醇的特性。然而，关于素食者植物甾醇的摄入量和血浆植物固醇的数据却很少。
我们在 Adventist Health Study-2 校准子研究（n=861，女性占 66%，平均年龄 61 岁）中，检查了五种饮食模式下的饮食摄入量和血浆植物固醇和胆固醇的浓度。为了测量这些化合物的摄入量和血浆浓度，我们分别使用了 24 小时膳食回顾和气相色谱-火焰离子化检测。总植物甾醇和胆固醇的平均（SD）摄入量分别为 363（176）mg/天和 131（111）mg/天；血浆 β-谷甾醇、菜油固醇和胆固醇分别为 3.3（1.7）μg/mL、4.2（2.3）μg/mL 和 1.9（0.4）mg/mL。非素食者的总植物甾醇摄入量最低（263mg/天），素食者最高（428mg/天）（p<0.0001）。素食者的胆固醇摄入量最低（15.2mg/天），非素食者的胆固醇摄入量最高（124.6mg/天）（p<0.0001）。饮食对血浆植物固醇和胆固醇没有影响。尽管在这些植物固醇的饮食摄入量方面没有观察到种族差异，但黑人体内的胆固醇校正后血浆β-谷甾醇和菜油固醇明显高于白人。
不同植物性饮食的植物甾醇和胆固醇的饮食摄入量不同，但血浆浓度则不然。
