Francioni Fabio Massimo, Figueiredo Antonio Jose, Lupo Corrado, Conte Daniele, Capranica Laura, Tessitore Antonio
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.
Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
J Hum Kinet. 2016 Apr 13;50:145-155. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0151. eCollection 2016 Apr 1.
This study is focused on the strategies adopted by Italian 'Serie A' soccer clubs during the non-competitive period. Thus, duration (i.e., number of days) of the specific non-competitive periods (i.e., off- plus pre-season, off-season, pre-season, summer camp), the number of games (i.e., friendly, official and polled games) and days between games (i.e., ≤ 3, 4-5, or ≥ 6 days between two consecutive games) of the entire non-competitive period were recorded and compared by clubs participating in the European Championships (EU), only 'Serie A' (A) and promoted from 'Serie B' (B) during five and single seasons (i.e., 2009/10-2013/14). Due to the short B off-season duration (2009/10-2013/14, 2010/11, 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14, p≤.001), effects between clubs emerged also for the off- plus preseason (2009/10-2013/14, EU vs A, p≤.01, EU vs B, p≤.01, A vs B, p≤.001; 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14, p≤.001). Nevertheless, no difference between clubs resulted for the pre-season. Reduced duration of summer camps was reported by the EU (i.e., 2009/10-2013/14, 2009/10, 2013/14, p≤.001). A higher number of official games were played by EU than A (i.e., 2009/10-2013/14, p≤.001; 2010/11, p≤.01). No effect emerged for the days between games. Therefore, despite the longer 'Serie B' schedule and EU preliminary UEFA games that determined the off-season restriction, clubs demonstrated the tendency to guarantee satisfactory pre-season duration.
本研究聚焦于意大利“甲级联赛”足球俱乐部在非比赛期间所采用的策略。因此，记录并比较了参加欧洲锦标赛（EU）、仅参加“甲级联赛”（A）以及在五个赛季和单个赛季（即2009/10 - 2013/14）从“乙级联赛”升级而来（B）的俱乐部在特定非比赛期间的时长（即天数，具体为休赛期加季前赛、休赛期、季前赛、夏令营）、比赛场次（即友谊赛、正式比赛和民意调查比赛）以及整个非比赛期间比赛之间的天数（即连续两场比赛之间间隔≤3天、4 - 5天或≥6天）。由于“乙级联赛”休赛期时长较短（2009/10 - 2013/14、2010/11、2011/12、2012/13、2013/14，p≤.001），在休赛期加季前赛期间俱乐部之间也出现了差异（2009/10 - 2013/14，EU对A，p≤.01，EU对B，p≤.01，A对B，p≤.001；2011/12、2012/13、2013/14，p≤.001）。然而，各俱乐部在季前赛方面未出现差异。据报道，欧盟俱乐部的夏令营时长缩短（即2009/10 - 2013/14、2009/10、2013/14，p≤.001）。欧盟俱乐部比甲级联赛俱乐部进行的正式比赛场次更多（即2009/10 - 2013/14，p≤.001；2010/11，p≤.01）。比赛之间的天数未产生影响。因此，尽管“乙级联赛”赛程更长以及欧盟俱乐部在欧洲足联预选赛中的比赛导致了休赛期受限，但各俱乐部仍表现出保证令人满意的季前赛时长的倾向。
