面向痴呆症患者及其护理人员的基于技术的工具和服务:将技术映射到痴呆症护理路径上。
Technology-based tools and services for people with dementia and carers: Mapping technology onto the dementia care pathway.
作者信息
Lorenz Klara, Freddolino Paul P, Comas-Herrera Adelina, Knapp Martin, Damant Jacqueline
机构信息
Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK.
School of Social Work, Michigan State University, USA; Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK.
出版信息
Dementia (London). 2019 Feb;18(2):725-741. doi: 10.1177/1471301217691617. Epub 2017 Feb 8.
The extent to which technology may be able to support people with dementia and their carers along the care pathway and in different care settings is of interest to policy makers and governments. In this paper we provide an overview of the role of technology in dementia care, treatment and support by mapping existing technologies - by function, target user and disease progression. Technologies identified are classified into seven functions: memory support, treatment, safety and security, training, care delivery, social interaction and other. Different groups of potential users are distinguished: people with mild cognitive impairment and early stages of dementia, people with moderate to severe dementia and unpaid carers and health- and social care professionals. We also identified the care settings, in which the technologies are used (or for which the technologies are developed): at home in the community and in institutional care settings. The evidence has been drawn from a rapid review of the literature, expert interviews and web and social media searches. The largest number of technologies identified aim to enhance the safety and security of people with dementia living in the community. These devices are often passive monitors, such as smoke detectors. Other safety interventions, such as panic buttons, require active intervention. The second largest number of interventions aims to enhance people's memory and includes global positioning systems devices and voice prompts. These technologies mostly target people in the early stages of dementia. A third group focusing on treatment and care delivery emerged from the literature. These interventions focus on technology-aided reminiscence or therapeutic aspects of care for people with dementia and their carers. While the review found a range of technologies available for people with dementia and carers there is very little evidence of widespread practical application. Instead, it appears that stakeholders frequently rely on everyday technologies re-purposed to meet their needs.
技术在多大程度上能够在护理过程中以及不同护理环境下为痴呆症患者及其护理人员提供支持,这是政策制定者和政府所关注的问题。在本文中,我们通过按功能、目标用户和疾病进展对现有技术进行梳理,概述了技术在痴呆症护理、治疗和支持方面的作用。所确定的技术分为七类功能:记忆支持、治疗、安全保障、培训、护理提供、社交互动及其他。区分了不同的潜在用户群体:轻度认知障碍和痴呆症早期患者、中重度痴呆症患者、无薪护理人员以及健康和社会护理专业人员。我们还确定了使用这些技术(或为其开发技术)的护理环境:社区家庭和机构护理环境。证据来自对文献的快速综述、专家访谈以及网络和社交媒体搜索。所确定的技术中数量最多的旨在提高社区中痴呆症患者的安全保障。这些设备通常是被动监测器,如烟雾探测器。其他安全干预措施,如紧急按钮,则需要主动干预。数量第二多的干预措施旨在增强人们的记忆力,包括全球定位系统设备和语音提示。这些技术主要针对痴呆症早期患者。文献中还出现了第三类关注治疗和护理提供的技术。这些干预措施侧重于技术辅助的回忆或对痴呆症患者及其护理人员护理的治疗方面。虽然综述发现有一系列技术可供痴呆症患者及其护理人员使用,但几乎没有广泛实际应用的证据。相反,利益相关者似乎经常依赖重新利用的日常技术来满足他们的需求。