Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Curr Obes Rep. 2017 Mar;6(1):79-85. doi: 10.1007/s13679-017-0243-1.
The purposes of the present review are to organize the recent literature on the effects of food cues on restrained and unrestrained eaters and to determine current directions in such work.
Research over the last several years involves both replicating the work showing that restrained eaters respond to attractive food cues by eating more but unrestrained eaters show less responsiveness and extending this work to examine the mechanisms that might underlie this differential responsiveness. Labeling a food as healthy encourages more eating by restrained eaters, while diet-priming cues seem to curtail their consumption even in the face of attractive food cues. Work on cognitive responses indicates that restrained (but not unrestrained) eaters have both attention and memory biases toward food cues. Restrained eaters attend more strongly to food- and diet-related cues than do unrestrained eaters, as evidenced in both their eating behavior and their attention and memory responses to such cues. These effects interact with expectations and manner of presentation of such cues. What remains to be understood is the meaning and mechanism of the attention bias toward food cues in restrained eaters and the implications of such bias for overeating and overweight more broadly speaking.
本综述旨在整理近期关于食物线索对节食者和非节食者影响的文献，并确定该领域目前的研究方向。
过去几年的研究不仅复制了节食者对有吸引力的食物线索的反应，即吃得更多，而非节食者的反应则较少的研究结果，而且还扩展了这项工作，以研究可能导致这种不同反应的机制。将食物标记为健康食品会鼓励节食者吃得更多，而饮食提示线索似乎会限制他们的消费，即使面对有吸引力的食物线索也是如此。关于认知反应的研究表明，节食者（而非非节食者）对食物线索存在注意力和记忆偏见。与非节食者相比，节食者对食物和饮食相关线索的注意力更强，这在他们的饮食行为以及对这些线索的注意力和记忆反应中都有体现。这些影响与这些线索的期望和呈现方式相互作用。目前尚不清楚的是，节食者对食物线索的注意力偏见的含义和机制，以及这种偏见对暴食和超重的更广泛影响。
