Finucane Melissa L, Tuyen Nghiem, Saksena Sumeet, Spencer James H, Fox Jefferson M, Lam Nguyen, Thau Trinh Dinh, Vien Tran Duc, Lewis Nancy Davis
East-West Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-2665, USA.
Ecohealth. 2017 Mar;14(1):144-154. doi: 10.1007/s10393-017-1213-5. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is an important public health concern because of potential for widespread morbidity and mortality in humans and poultry and associated devastating economic losses. We examined how perceptions of the risk of HPAI in poultry vary across communes/wards in the north of Vietnam at different levels of urbanization (rural, peri-urban, urban). Analyses of questionnaire responses from 1081 poultry raisers suggested that the perceived risk of HPAI in poultry was highest in peri-urban and rural settings. We also found that perceived risk was higher when respondents rated settings in which they did not live and that the process of change is related to perceived risk. Compared with others, respondents in peri-urban areas reported less disease management planning; respondents in rural areas reported less ability to separate infected poultry. These findings are consistent with, and add to, the limited previous research on the perceived risk of HPAI in poultry in developing countries. What is new in the present findings is that we describe how urbanization is related to people's perceptions of and ability to respond appropriately to variations in their environment. In particular, the inability to respond is not necessarily because of an inability to perceive change. Rather, rapid and extensive change poses different challenges for poultry management as communes move from rural to peri-urban to urban settings. Our results suggest that health promotion campaigns should address the perceptions and needs of poultry raisers in different settings.
高致病性禽流感（HPAI）是一个重要的公共卫生问题，因为它有可能在人类和家禽中造成广泛的发病和死亡，并带来巨大的经济损失。我们研究了在越南北部不同城市化水平（农村、城郊、城市）的公社/社区中，人们对家禽感染高致病性禽流感风险的认知是如何变化的。对1081名家禽养殖户的问卷调查结果分析表明，在家禽中感知到的高致病性禽流感风险在城郊和农村地区最高。我们还发现，当受访者对他们不住的地区进行风险评级时，感知到的风险更高，而且变化过程与感知到的风险有关。与其他人相比，城郊地区的受访者报告的疾病管理计划较少；农村地区的受访者报告的隔离感染家禽的能力较低。这些发现与之前关于发展中国家家禽中高致病性禽流感感知风险的有限研究一致，并有所补充。本研究结果的新颖之处在于，我们描述了城市化如何与人们对环境变化的认知以及适当应对变化的能力相关。特别是，无法做出应对不一定是因为无法感知变化。相反，随着公社从农村向城郊再向城市环境转变，快速而广泛的变化给家禽管理带来了不同的挑战。我们的结果表明，健康促进活动应关注不同环境下家禽养殖户的认知和需求。
