Huang Xiaohua, O'Connor Ryan, Kwizera Elyahb Allie
Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152.
Nanotheranostics. 2017;1(1):80-102. doi: 10.7150/ntno.18216.
Detection of cancer-related circulating biomarkers in body fluids has become a cutting-edge technology that has the potential to noninvasively screen cancer, diagnose cancer at early stage, monitor tumor progression, and evaluate therapy responses. Traditional molecular and cellular detection methods are either insensitive for early cancer intervention or technically costly and complicated making them impractical for typical clinical settings. Due to their exceptional structural and functional properties that are not available from bulk materials or discrete molecules, nanotechnology is opening new horizons for low cost, rapid, highly sensitive, and highly specific detection of circulating cancer markers. Gold nanoparticles have emerged as a unique nanoplatform for circulating biomarker detection owning to their advantages of easy synthesis, facile surface chemistry, excellent biocompatibility, and remarkable structure and environment sensitive optical properties. In this review, we introduce current gold nanoparticle-based technology platforms for the detection of four major classes of circulating cancer markers - circulating tumor cells, vesicles, nucleic acids, and proteins. The techniques will be summarized in terms of signal detection strategies. Distinctive examples are provided to highlight the state-of-the-art technologies that significantly advance basic and clinical cancer research.
在体液中检测癌症相关循环生物标志物已成为一项前沿技术，它有潜力对癌症进行无创筛查、早期诊断癌症、监测肿瘤进展以及评估治疗反应。传统的分子和细胞检测方法要么对早期癌症干预不敏感，要么在技术上成本高昂且操作复杂，这使得它们在典型临床环境中不实用。由于纳米技术具有从块状材料或离散分子中无法获得的特殊结构和功能特性，它正在为低成本、快速、高灵敏度和高特异性检测循环癌症标志物开辟新的前景。金纳米颗粒因其易于合成、表面化学简单、生物相容性优异以及显著的结构和环境敏感光学特性等优点，已成为用于循环生物标志物检测的独特纳米平台。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了当前基于金纳米颗粒的技术平台，用于检测四类主要的循环癌症标志物——循环肿瘤细胞、囊泡、核酸和蛋白质。这些技术将根据信号检测策略进行总结。文中提供了独特的实例，以突出显著推进基础和临床癌症研究的前沿技术。
