“这个用英语怎么说？”：对国际跨文化质性研究中的翻译进行反思
'How would you call this in English?' : Being reflective about translations in international, cross-cultural qualitative research.
作者信息
Helmich Esther, Cristancho Sayra, Diachun Laura, Lingard Lorelei
机构信息
Center for Education Development and Research in Health Professions, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Centre for Education Research & Innovation and Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
出版信息
Perspect Med Educ. 2017 Apr;6(2):127-132. doi: 10.1007/s40037-017-0329-1.
INTRODUCTION
Medical education researchers increasingly collaborate in international teams, collecting data in different languages and from different parts of the world, and then disseminating them in English-language journals. Although this requires an ever-present need to translate, it often occurs uncritically. With this paper we aim to enhance researchers' awareness and reflexivity regarding translations in qualitative research.
METHODS
In an international study, we carried out interviews in both Dutch and English. To enable joint data analysis, we translated Dutch data into English, making choices regarding when and how to translate. In an iterative process, we contextualized our experiences, building on the social sciences and general health literature about cross-language/cross-cultural research.
RESULTS
We identified three specific translation challenges: attending to grammar or syntax differences, grappling with metaphor, and capturing semantic or sociolinguistic nuances. Literature findings informed our decisions regarding the validity of translations, translating in different stages of the research process, coding in different languages, and providing 'ugly' translations in published research reports.
DISCUSSION
The lessons learnt were threefold. First, most researchers, including ourselves, do not consciously attend to translations taking place in international qualitative research. Second, translation challenges arise not only from differences in language, but also from cultural or societal differences. Third, by being reflective about translations, we found meaningful differences, even between settings with many cultural and societal similarities. This conscious process of negotiating translations was enriching. We recommend researchers to be more conscious and transparent about their translation strategies, to enhance the trustworthiness and quality of their work.
引言
医学教育研究人员越来越多地在国际团队中开展合作，在世界不同地区收集不同语言的数据，然后在英文期刊上发表。尽管这始终需要进行翻译，但翻译往往缺乏批判性。本文旨在提高研究人员对定性研究中翻译问题的认识和反思能力。
方法
在一项国际研究中，我们用荷兰语和英语进行了访谈。为了进行联合数据分析，我们将荷兰语数据翻译成英语，并就翻译的时间和方式做出选择。在一个反复的过程中，我们结合社会科学和关于跨语言/跨文化研究的一般健康文献，将我们的经验置于具体情境中。
结果
我们确定了三个具体的翻译挑战：处理语法或句法差异、应对隐喻以及捕捉语义或社会语言学细微差别。文献研究结果为我们在翻译有效性、在研究过程的不同阶段进行翻译、用不同语言进行编码以及在已发表的研究报告中提供“粗糙”翻译等方面的决策提供了依据。
讨论
我们吸取的经验教训有三点。第一，包括我们自己在内的大多数研究人员在国际定性研究中并未有意识地关注翻译问题。第二，翻译挑战不仅源于语言差异，还源于文化或社会差异。第三，通过对翻译进行反思，我们发现即使在文化和社会有许多相似之处的环境之间也存在有意义的差异。这种有意识地协商翻译的过程很有意义。我们建议研究人员对其翻译策略更加有意识和透明，以提高其工作的可信度和质量。
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