Roskam Isabelle, Raes Marie-Emilie, Mikolajczak Moïra
Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Front Psychol. 2017 Feb 9;8:163. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00163. eCollection 2017.
Can parents burn out? The aim of this research was to examine the construct validity of the concept of parental burnout and to provide researchers which an instrument to measure it. We conducted two successive questionnaire-based online studies, the first with a community-sample of 379 parents using principal component analyses and the second with a community- sample of 1,723 parents using both principal component analyses and confirmatory factor analyses. We investigated whether the tridimensional structure of the burnout syndrome (i.e., exhaustion, inefficacy, and depersonalization) held in the parental context. We then examined the specificity of parental burnout vis-à-vis professional burnout assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, parental stress assessed with the Parental Stress Questionnaire and depression assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory. The results support the validity of a tri-dimensional burnout syndrome including exhaustion, inefficacy and emotional distancing with, respectively, 53.96 and 55.76% variance explained in study 1 and study 2, and reliability ranging from 0.89 to 0.94. The final version of the Parental Burnout Inventory (PBI) consists of 22 items and displays strong psychometric properties (CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.06). Low to moderate correlations between parental burnout and professional burnout, parental stress and depression suggests that parental burnout is not just burnout, stress or depression. The prevalence of parental burnout confirms that some parents are so exhausted that the term "burnout" is appropriate. The proportion of burnout parents lies somewhere between 2 and 12%. The results are discussed in light of their implications at the micro-, meso- and macro-levels.
父母会倦怠吗？本研究的目的是检验父母倦怠概念的结构效度，并为研究人员提供一种测量它的工具。我们进行了两项连续的基于问卷的在线研究，第一项研究以379名父母的社区样本为主，采用主成分分析；第二项研究以1723名父母的社区样本为主，同时采用主成分分析和验证性因素分析。我们调查了倦怠综合征的三维结构（即疲惫、无效能感和去个性化）在父母情境中是否成立。然后，我们考察了父母倦怠相对于用马氏倦怠量表评估的职业倦怠、用父母压力问卷评估的父母压力以及用贝克抑郁量表评估的抑郁的特异性。结果支持了一个包括疲惫、无效能感和情感疏离的三维倦怠综合征的效度，在研究1和研究2中分别解释了53.96%和55.76%的方差，信度在0.89至0.94之间。父母倦怠量表（PBI）的最终版本由22个项目组成，具有很强的心理测量学特性（CFI = 0.95，RMSEA = 0.06）。父母倦怠与职业倦怠、父母压力和抑郁之间的低到中度相关性表明，父母倦怠不仅仅是倦怠、压力或抑郁。父母倦怠的患病率证实，一些父母非常疲惫，以至于“倦怠”这个词是合适的。倦怠父母的比例在2%到12%之间。我们根据研究结果在微观、中观和宏观层面的意义进行了讨论。
