Kenmoku Hiroyuki, Hori Aki, Kuraishi Takayuki, Kurata Shoichiro
Department of Molecular Biopharmacy and Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
Dis Model Mech. 2017 Mar 1;10(3):271-281. doi: 10.1242/dmm.027102.
adults have been utilized as a genetically tractable model organism to decipher the molecular mechanisms of humoral innate immune responses. In an effort to promote the utility of larvae as an additional model system, in this study, we describe a novel aspect of an induction mechanism for innate immunity in these larvae. By using a fine tungsten needle created for manipulating semi-conductor devices, larvae were subjected to septic injury. However, although Toll pathway mutants were susceptible to infection with Gram-positive bacteria as had been shown for adults, microbe clearance was not affected in the mutants. In addition, larvae were found to be sensitive to mechanical stimuli with respect to the activation of a sterile humoral response. In particular, pinching with forceps to a degree that might cause minor damage to larval tissues could induce the expression of the antifungal peptide gene ; notably, this induction was partially independent of the Toll and immune deficiency pathways. We therefore propose that larvae might serve as a useful model to analyze the infectious and non-infectious inflammation that underlies various inflammatory diseases such as ischemia, atherosclerosis and cancer.
成虫已被用作一种基因易处理的模式生物，以破译体液固有免疫反应的分子机制。为了提高幼虫作为另一种模式系统的实用性，在本研究中，我们描述了这些幼虫固有免疫诱导机制的一个新方面。通过使用为操纵半导体器件而制造的细钨针，使幼虫遭受败血症损伤。然而，尽管Toll途径突变体如成虫所示对革兰氏阳性菌感染敏感，但突变体中的微生物清除不受影响。此外，发现幼虫在激活无菌体液反应方面对机械刺激敏感。特别是，用镊子捏到可能对幼虫组织造成轻微损伤的程度，可诱导抗真菌肽基因的表达；值得注意的是，这种诱导部分独立于Toll和免疫缺陷途径。因此，我们提出幼虫可能作为一个有用的模型，来分析各种炎症性疾病（如缺血、动脉粥样硬化和癌症）所潜在的感染性和非感染性炎症。
