Chéruel Fabrice, Jarlier Marta, Sancho-Garnier Hélène
Fondation JDB Prévention Cancer, Espace Prévention Santé Antéïa, 2/4 rue du Mont Louvet, 91640 Fontenay Lès Briis, France ; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405 France.
Biometrics Unit, ICM - Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France.
Tob Induc Dis. 2017 Feb 28;15:15. doi: 10.1186/s12971-017-0120-4. eCollection 2017.
Study results have shown that chronic exposure to cigarette smoke affects the taste function in humans. However, neither the quantitative impact on taste sensitivity nor the time-course of taste recovery on stopping smoking have been precisely examined.
The experimental design included 2 phases, (i) a case-control phase comparing the taste sensitivity level measured by Electrogustometric (EGM) thresholds from various parts of the tongue (locus) between smokers ( = 83) and non-smokers ( = 48), (ii) a follow-up study looking at the taste sensitivity recovery in smokers after smoking cessation ( = 24) and compared with non-smokers.
Smokers exhibited significantly lower taste sensitivity than non-smokers - the higher the nicotine dependence (Fagerström scores), the lower the taste sensitivity. After smoking cessation, EGM thresholds decreased progressively, and reached the taste sensitivity range of non-smokers depending on locus and time. After 2 weeks a recovery could be observed on the 3 Tip and the 2 edge loci; the recovery in the posterior loci was complete after 9 weeks, and in the dorsal loci recovery was observed only after 2 months or more.
Smoking cessation does lead to a rapid recovery of taste sensitivity among smokers, with recovery time found to differ based on the sensitivity of loci of the tongue. The use of EGM could potentially be explored as a motivational tool for smoking cessation.
研究结果表明，长期接触香烟烟雾会影响人类的味觉功能。然而，对味觉敏感度的定量影响以及戒烟后味觉恢复的时间进程均未得到精确研究。
实验设计包括两个阶段，（i）病例对照阶段，比较吸烟者（n = 83）和非吸烟者（n = 48）通过电味觉测量（EGM）阈值测量的舌部不同部位（位点）的味觉敏感度水平，（ii）一项随访研究，观察戒烟后吸烟者（n = 24）的味觉敏感度恢复情况，并与非吸烟者进行比较。
吸烟者的味觉敏感度显著低于非吸烟者——尼古丁依赖程度（法格斯特罗姆评分）越高，味觉敏感度越低。戒烟后，EGM阈值逐渐降低，并根据位点和时间达到非吸烟者的味觉敏感度范围。2周后，舌尖3个位点和边缘2个位点可观察到恢复情况；9周后后部位点的恢复完成，而背侧位点仅在2个月或更长时间后观察到恢复。
戒烟确实会使吸烟者的味觉敏感度迅速恢复，恢复时间因舌部位点的敏感度而异。EGM的应用有可能被探索作为一种戒烟的激励工具。
