Aoyama Shinya, Shibata Shigenobu
Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan.
Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan.
Front Neurosci. 2017 Feb 14;11:63. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00063. eCollection 2017.
The mammalian circadian clock regulates the day and night cycles of various physiological functions. The circadian clock system consists of a central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks in peripheral tissues. According to the results of circadian transcriptomic studies in several tissues, the majority of rhythmic genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and are influenced by tissue-specific circadian rhythms. Here we review the diurnal variations of musculoskeletal functions and discuss the impact of the circadian clock on homeostasis in skeletal muscle and bone. Peripheral clocks are controlled by not only photic stimulation from the central clock in the SCN but also by external cues, such as feeding and exercise. In this review, we discuss the effects of feeding and exercise on the circadian clock and diurnal variation of musculoskeletal functions. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of chrono-nutrition and chrono-exercise on circadian disturbances and the failure of homeostasis in skeletal muscle and bone.
哺乳动物的生物钟调节着各种生理功能的昼夜节律。生物钟系统由下丘脑视交叉上核（SCN）中的中央时钟和外周组织中的外周时钟组成。根据多个组织的昼夜转录组学研究结果，大多数节律性基因以组织特异性方式表达，并受组织特异性昼夜节律影响。在此，我们综述肌肉骨骼功能的昼夜变化，并讨论生物钟对骨骼肌和骨骼内稳态的影响。外周时钟不仅受SCN中中央时钟的光刺激控制，还受进食和运动等外部线索的控制。在本综述中，我们讨论进食和运动对生物钟以及肌肉骨骼功能昼夜变化的影响。我们还讨论了时间营养学和时间运动学对昼夜节律紊乱以及骨骼肌和骨骼内稳态失衡的治疗潜力。
