Bagordo Francesco, De Donno Antonella, Grassi Tiziana, Guido Marcello, Devoti Gabriele, Ceretti Elisabetta, Zani Claudia, Feretti Donatella, Villarini Milena, Moretti Massimo, Salvatori Tania, Carducci Annalaura, Verani Marco, Casini Beatrice, Bonetta Sara, Carraro Elisabetta, Schilirò Tiziana, Bonizzoni Silvia, Bonetti Alberto, Gelatti Umberto
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Mar 7;17(1):233. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4142-x.
Lifestyles profoundly determine the quality of an individual's health and life since his childhood. Many diseases in adulthood are avoidable if health-risk behaviors are identified and improved at an early stage of life. The aim of the present research was to characterize a cohort of children aged 6-8 years selected in order to perform an epidemiological molecular study (the MAPEC_LIFE study), investigate lifestyles of the children that could have effect on their health status, and assess possible association between lifestyles and socio-cultural factors.
A questionnaire composed of 148 questions was administered in two different seasons to parents of children attending 18 primary schools in five Italian cities (Torino, Brescia, Pisa, Perugia and Lecce) to obtain information regarding the criteria for exclusion from the study, demographic, anthropometric and health information on the children, as well as some aspects on their lifestyles and parental characteristics. The results were analyzed in order to assess the frequency of specific conditions among the different seasons and cities and the association between lifestyles and socio-economic factors.
The final cohort was composed of 1,164 children (50.9 boys, 95.4% born in Italy). Frequency of some factors appeared different in terms of the survey season (physical activity in the open air, the ways of cooking certain foods) and among the various cities (parents' level of education and rate of employment, sport, traffic near the home, type of heating, exposure to passive smoking, ways of cooking certain foods). Exposure to passive smoking and cooking fumes, obesity, residence in areas with heavy traffic, frequency of outdoor play and consumption of barbecued and fried foods were higher among children living in families with low educational and/or occupational level while children doing sports and consuming toasted bread were more frequent in families with high socio-economic level.
The socio-economic level seems to affect the lifestyles of children enrolled in the study including those that could cause health effects. Many factors are linked to the geographical area and may depend on environmental, cultural and social aspects of the city of residence.
自童年起，生活方式就深刻地决定了一个人的健康和生活质量。如果在生命早期识别并改善健康风险行为，成年期的许多疾病是可以避免的。本研究的目的是对一组6至8岁的儿童进行特征描述，以便开展一项流行病学分子研究（MAPEC_LIFE研究），调查可能影响其健康状况的儿童生活方式，并评估生活方式与社会文化因素之间的可能关联。
在两个不同季节，向意大利五个城市（都灵、布雷西亚、比萨、佩鲁贾和莱切）18所小学的儿童家长发放了一份由148个问题组成的问卷，以获取有关排除在研究之外的标准、儿童的人口统计学、人体测量学和健康信息，以及他们生活方式和父母特征的一些方面的信息。对结果进行分析，以评估不同季节和城市中特定情况的频率，以及生活方式与社会经济因素之间的关联。
最终队列由1164名儿童组成（50.9%为男孩，95.4%出生在意大利）。某些因素的频率在调查季节（户外体育活动、某些食物的烹饪方式）和不同城市（父母的教育水平和就业率、体育活动、家附近的交通、供暖类型、被动吸烟暴露、某些食物的烹饪方式）方面存在差异。在教育和/或职业水平较低的家庭中生活的儿童，被动吸烟和烹饪油烟暴露、肥胖、居住在交通繁忙地区、户外玩耍频率以及烧烤和油炸食品消费较高，而在社会经济水平较高的家庭中，进行体育活动和食用烤面包的儿童更为常见。
社会经济水平似乎会影响参与研究的儿童的生活方式，包括那些可能对健康产生影响的生活方式。许多因素与地理区域有关，可能取决于居住城市的环境、文化和社会方面。
