Lazaridis School of Business & Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University.
Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University.
J Appl Psychol. 2017 Jun;102(6):867-889. doi: 10.1037/apl0000204. Epub 2017 Mar 9.
How do individuals form fairness perceptions? This question has been central to the fairness literature since its inception, sparking a plethora of theories and a burgeoning volume of research. To date, the answer to this question has been predicated on the assumption that fairness perceptions are subjective (i.e., "in the eye of the beholder"). This assumption is shared with motivated cognition approaches, which highlight the subjective nature of perceptions and the importance of viewing individuals arriving at those perceptions as active and motivated processors of information. Further, the motivated cognition literature has other key insights that have been less explicitly paralleled in the fairness literature, including how different goals (e.g., accuracy, directional) can influence how individuals process information and arrive at their perceptions. In this integrative conceptual review, we demonstrate how interpreting extant theory and research related to the formation of fairness perceptions through the lens of motivated cognition can deepen our understanding of fairness, including how individuals' goals and motivations can influence their subjective perceptions of fairness. We show how this approach can provide integration as well as generate new insights into fairness processes. We conclude by highlighting the implications that applying a motivated cognition perspective can have for the fairness literature and by providing a research agenda to guide the literature moving forward. (PsycINFO Database Record
个体如何形成公平感知？自公平文献诞生以来，这个问题一直是其核心，引发了众多理论和大量研究。迄今为止，这个问题的答案是基于公平感知是主观的（即“在观察者的眼中”）这一假设。这一假设与动机认知方法共享，该方法强调了感知的主观性以及将形成这些感知的个体视为积极和有动机的信息处理者的重要性。此外，动机认知文献还有其他一些关键见解，这些见解在公平文献中没有得到明确的呼应，包括不同的目标（例如，准确性、方向性）如何影响个体处理信息并形成他们的感知。在这个综合概念性综述中，我们展示了如何通过动机认知的视角来解释与公平感知形成相关的现有理论和研究，从而加深我们对公平的理解，包括个体的目标和动机如何影响他们对公平的主观感知。我们展示了这种方法如何提供整合，并为公平过程带来新的见解。最后，我们强调了应用动机认知视角对公平文献的影响，并提供了一个研究议程，以指导文献的进一步发展。
