a Institut für Biologie, FG Mikrobiologie , Universität Kassel , Germany.
b Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine , Germany.
RNA Biol. 2017 Sep 2;14(9):1209-1222. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1295204. Epub 2017 Feb 23.
Wobble uridines (U) are generally modified in all species. U modifications can be essential in metazoans but are not required for viability in fungi. In this review, we provide an overview on the types of modifications and how they affect the physico-chemical properties of wobble uridines. We describe the molecular machinery required to introduce these modifications into tRNA posttranscriptionally and discuss how posttranslational regulation may affect the activity of the modifying enzymes. We highlight the activity of anticodon specific RNases that target U containing tRNA. Finally, we discuss how defects in wobble uridine modifications lead to phenotypes in different species. Importantly, this review will mainly focus on the cytoplasmic tRNAs of eukaryotes. A recent review has extensively covered their bacterial and mitochondrial counterparts. .
摆动尿嘧啶（U）通常在所有物种中被修饰。在后生动物中，U 修饰是必需的，但在真菌中并不需要它们的存在来保证生存。在这篇综述中，我们概述了修饰的类型以及它们如何影响摆动尿嘧啶的理化性质。我们描述了将这些修饰引入 tRNA 的转录后所需的分子机制，并讨论了翻译后调控如何影响修饰酶的活性。我们强调了针对含 U 的 tRNA 的反密码子特异性核糖核酸酶的活性。最后，我们讨论了摆动尿嘧啶修饰缺陷如何导致不同物种的表型。重要的是，这篇综述将主要集中在真核生物的细胞质 tRNA 上。最近的一篇综述广泛涵盖了它们在细菌和线粒体中的对应物。
