Vieira Maria, Bessa Lucinda J, Martins M Rosário, Arantes Sílvia, Teixeira António P S, Mendes Ângelo, Martins da Costa Paulo, Belo Anabela D F
Departamento de Produção Aquática, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, PT-4050-343, Porto.
UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, PT-4169-007, Porto.
Chem Biodivers. 2017 Jun;14(6). doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201700006. Epub 2017 May 10.
Essential oils (EOs) from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus and from Mediterranean autochthonous aromatic plants - Thymus mastichina L., Mentha pulegium L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi ssp. nepeta, Cistus ladanifer L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter ssp. viscosa - were extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-FID and NMR spectroscopy. EOs were evaluated for antimicrobial properties against several bacterial strains, using diverse methods, namely, the agar disc-diffusion method, the microdilution method, the crystal violet assay and the Live/Dead staining for assessment of biofilm formation. Potential synergy was assessed by a checkerboard method. EOs of R. officinalis and C. ladanifer showed a predominance in monoterpene hydrocarbons (> 60%); EOs of C. nepeta, M. pulegium, T. mastichina, E. globulus and F. vulgare were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (62 - 96%) whereas EO of D. viscosa was mainly composed of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (54%). All EOs showed antimicrobial activity; M. pulegium and E. globulus generally had the strongest antimicrobial activity. EO of C. nepeta was the most promising in hampering the biofilm formation. The combinations D. viscosa/C. nepeta and E. globulus/T. mastichina were synergistic against Staphylococcus aureus. These results support the notion that EOs from the aromatic plants herein reported should be further explored as potential pharmaceuticals and/or food preservatives.
从蓝桉（Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus）以及地中海本土芳香植物——乳香百里香（Thymus mastichina L.）、唇萼薄荷（Mentha pulegium L.）、迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis L.）、荆芥风轮菜（Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi ssp. nepeta）、岩蔷薇（Cistus ladanifer L.）、茴香（Foeniculum vulgare L.）、粘毛旋覆花（Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter ssp. viscosa）中提取的精油，通过水蒸馏法进行提取，并采用气相色谱 - 火焰离子化检测法（GC - FID）和核磁共振光谱法进行表征。使用多种方法，即琼脂纸片扩散法、微量稀释法、结晶紫测定法以及用于评估生物膜形成的活/死染色法，对这些精油针对几种细菌菌株的抗菌性能进行了评估。通过棋盘法评估了潜在的协同作用。迷迭香和岩蔷薇的精油以单萜烃类为主（> 60%）；荆芥风轮菜、唇萼薄荷、乳香百里香、蓝桉和茴香的精油富含氧化单萜（62 - 96%），而粘毛旋覆花的精油主要由氧化倍半萜组成（54%）。所有精油均表现出抗菌活性；唇萼薄荷和蓝桉通常具有最强的抗菌活性。荆芥风轮菜的精油在抑制生物膜形成方面最具前景。粘毛旋覆花/荆芥风轮菜和蓝桉/乳香百里香的组合对金黄色葡萄球菌具有协同作用。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即本文报道的芳香植物精油应作为潜在的药物和/或食品防腐剂进行进一步探索。
