Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, IOC Research Center, AMC/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sports Med. 2017 Oct;47(10):2027-2043. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0718-y.
Prevention of sport injuries is crucial to maximise the health and societal benefits of a physically active lifestyle. To strengthen the translation and implementation of the available evidence base on effective preventive measures, a range of potentially relevant strategies should be considered.
Our aim was to identify and categorise intervention strategies for the prevention of acute sport injuries evaluated in the scientific literature, applying the Haddon matrix, and identify potential knowledge gaps.
Five electronic databases were searched (PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Cochrane) for studies that evaluated the effect of interventions on the occurrence of acute sport injuries. Studies were required to include a control group/condition, prospective data collection, and a quantitative injury outcome measure.
A total of 155 studies were included, mostly randomised controlled trials (43%). The majority of studies (55%) focussed on strategies requiring a behavioural change on the part of athletes. Studies predominantly evaluated the preventive effect of various training programmes targeted at the 'pre-event' phase (n = 73) and the use of equipment to avoid injury in the 'event phase' (n = 29). A limited number of studies evaluated the preventive effect of strategies geared at rules and regulations (n = 14), and contextual modifications (n = 18). Studies specifically aimed at preventing re-injuries were a minority (n = 8), and were mostly related to ankle sprains (n = 5).
Valuable insight into the extent of the evidence base of sport injury prevention studies was obtained for 20 potential intervention strategies. This approach can be used to monitor potential gaps in the knowledge base on sport injury prevention.
预防运动损伤对于最大限度地提高积极生活方式的健康和社会效益至关重要。为了加强对有效预防措施的现有证据基础的翻译和实施，应考虑一系列潜在的相关策略。
我们的目的是应用 Haddon 矩阵，确定和分类科学文献中评估的预防急性运动损伤的干预策略，并确定潜在的知识差距。
在五个电子数据库（PubMed、EMBASE、SPORTDiscus、CINAHL、Cochrane）中搜索评估干预措施对急性运动损伤发生影响的研究。研究需要包括对照组/条件、前瞻性数据收集和定量损伤结局测量。
共纳入 155 项研究，主要为随机对照试验（43%）。大多数研究（55%）侧重于需要运动员行为改变的策略。研究主要评估了各种针对“赛前”阶段的训练计划（n=73）和避免“事件阶段”受伤的设备使用的预防效果（n=29）。为数不多的研究评估了针对规则和法规（n=14）以及环境调整（n=18）的策略的预防效果。旨在预防再次受伤的研究较少（n=8），且主要与踝关节扭伤（n=5）有关。
针对 20 种潜在干预策略，获得了预防运动损伤研究证据基础的广泛了解。这种方法可用于监测预防运动损伤知识库中的潜在差距。
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