Mthiyane Doctor Mziwenkosi Nhlanhla, Mhlanga Bhekumusa Sabelo
Department of Animal Science, Luyengo Campus, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Swaziland, P.O. Box M205, Luyengo, Swaziland.
Crane Feeds (Pty) Ltd., P.O. Box 1974, Matsapha, Swaziland.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2017 Apr;49(4):835-842. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1269-9. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
This study was aimed at investigating the nutritive value of marula seed cake (MSC) as an alternative protein source for broilers. In a completely randomised design involving six replicate pens of five chickens assigned to each of five treatments, body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and carcass characteristics were measured in an experiment in which 150 28-day-old broilers were fed maize-based diets containing, respectively, 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% MSC at finisher phase. The results showed MSC to be remarkably high in CP (470.0 g/kg DM) and EE (343.5 g/kg DM), with moderate CF (58.2 g/kg DM), ash (54.3 g/kg DM), Ca (1.1 g/kg DM) and P (11.0 g/kg DM). Whilst very poor in lysine, MSC was found to be rich in methionine, cyst(e)ine, arginine and glutamic acid; it also contains good levels of valine, glycine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, phenylalanine, serine, proline and alanine. Also, it contained 85.24% oleic (OA), 9.65% palmitic and 5.11% stearic acids, with a high peroxide value and low levels of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin. BWG, FI and FCE of broiler chickens significantly decreased (P < 0.001) as the dietary level of MSC increased. Further, dietary MSC significantly decreased bird live weight at slaughter (P < 0.001), plucked weight (P < 0.001), dressed weight (P < 0.001) and weights of the liver (P < 0.001) and neck (P < 0.05). The results therefore demonstrate MSC to be a good source of CP, fat, Ca, P, amino acids (except lysine) and OA that can replace soya bean meal (SBM) in broiler diets. However, its use is currently limited by lipid peroxidation and presence of mycotoxins.
本研究旨在调查马鲁拉籽饼（MSC）作为肉鸡替代蛋白质来源的营养价值。在一项完全随机设计中，将150只28日龄肉鸡分配到五个处理组，每个处理组有六个重复栏，每栏五只鸡。在实验中，给肉鸡饲喂育肥期以玉米为基础的日粮，分别含有0%、5%、10%、15%和20%的MSC，测量其体重增加（BWG）、采食量（FI）、饲料转化率（FCE）和胴体特征。结果表明，MSC的粗蛋白（CP，470.0 g/kg干物质）和粗脂肪（EE，343.5 g/kg干物质）含量非常高，粗纤维（CF，58.2 g/kg干物质）、灰分（54.3 g/kg干物质）、钙（Ca，1.1 g/kg干物质）和磷（P，11.0 g/kg干物质）含量适中。虽然MSC的赖氨酸含量很低，但蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、精氨酸和谷氨酸含量丰富；缬氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、组氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸和丙氨酸含量也较高。此外，它含有85.24%的油酸（OA）、9.65%的棕榈酸和5.11%的硬脂酸，过氧化值较高，脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和T-2毒素等霉菌毒素含量较低。随着日粮中MSC水平的增加，肉鸡的BWG、FI和FCE显著下降（P < 0.001）。此外，日粮中的MSC显著降低了屠宰时鸡的活重（P < 0.001）、拔毛重（P < 0.001）、屠体重（P < 0.001）以及肝脏重量（P < 0.001）和颈部重量（P < 0.05）。因此，结果表明MSC是CP、脂肪、钙、磷、氨基酸（赖氨酸除外）和OA的良好来源，可以在肉鸡日粮中替代豆粕（SBM）。然而，其使用目前受到脂质过氧化和霉菌毒素存在的限制。
