Pathog Dis. 2017 Mar 1;75(2). doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftx022.
Neisseria meningitidis (Nme) can cause meningitis and sepsis, diseases which are characterised by an overwhelming inflammatory response. Inflammation is triggered by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which are activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Nme contains multiple PAMPs including lipooligosaccharide, peptidoglycan, proteins and metabolites. Various classes of PRRs including Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, C-type lectins, scavenger receptors, pentraxins and others are expressed by the host to respond to any given microbe. While Toll-like receptors and NOD-like receptors are pivotal in triggering inflammation, other PRRs act as modulators of inflammation or aid in functional antimicrobial responses such as phagocytosis or complement activation. This review aims to give an overview of the various Nme PAMPs reported to date, the PRRs they activate and their implications during the inflammatory response to infection.
脑膜炎奈瑟菌（Nme）可引起脑膜炎和败血症，这些疾病的特征是炎症反应过度。炎症是由宿主模式识别受体（PRRs）触发的，这些受体被病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）激活。Nme 含有多种 PAMPs，包括脂寡糖、肽聚糖、蛋白质和代谢物。宿主表达各种类型的 PRRs，包括 Toll 样受体、NOD 样受体、C 型凝集素、清道夫受体、五聚素等，以应对任何给定的微生物。虽然 Toll 样受体和 NOD 样受体在引发炎症方面至关重要，但其他 PRRs 则作为炎症的调节剂或有助于吞噬作用或补体激活等功能抗菌反应。本文旨在概述迄今为止报道的各种 Nme PAMPs、它们激活的 PRRs 以及它们在感染引起的炎症反应中的意义。
