Lim Wai H, Wong Germaine, Lewis Joshua R, Lok Charmaine E, Polkinghorne Kevan R, Hodgson Jonathan, Lim Ee M, Prince Richard L
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
BMJ Open. 2017 Mar 24;7(3):e011720. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011720.
The health benefits of 'drinking at least 8 glasses of water a day" in healthy individuals are largely unproven. We aimed to examine the relationship between total fluid and the sources of fluid consumption, risk of rapid renal decline, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and all-cause mortality in elderly women.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a longitudinal analysis of a population-based cohort study of 1055 women aged ≥70 years residing in Australia.
The associations between total daily fluid intake (defined as total volume of beverage excluding alcohol and milk) and the types of fluid (water, black tea, coffee, milk and other fluids) measured as cups per day and rapid renal decline, CVD and all-cause mortality were assessed using adjusted logistic and Cox regression analyses.
Over a follow-up period of 10 years, 70 (6.6%) experienced rapid renal decline and 362 (34.4%) died, of which 142 (13.5%) deaths were attributed to CVD. The median (IQR) intake of total fluid was 10.4 (8.5-12.5) cups per day, with water (median (IQR) 4 (2-6) cups per day) and black tea (median (IQR) 3 (1-4) cups per day) being the most frequent type of fluid consumed. Every cup per day higher intake of black tea was associated with adjusted HRs of 0.90 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.99) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.98) for CVD mortality and all-cause mortality, respectively. There were no associations between black tea intake and rapid renal decline, or between the quantity or type of other fluids, including water intake, and any clinical outcomes.
Habitual higher intake of black tea may potentially improve long-term health outcomes, independent of treating traditional CVD risk factors, but validation of our study findings is essential.
“每天至少饮用8杯水”对健康个体的健康益处很大程度上未经证实。我们旨在研究老年女性总液体摄入量及其来源与肾功能快速衰退风险、心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率和全因死亡率之间的关系。
设计、背景和参与者：我们对澳大利亚1055名年龄≥70岁的女性进行了一项基于人群的队列研究的纵向分析。
使用校正后的逻辑回归和Cox回归分析评估每日总液体摄入量（定义为不含酒精和牛奶的饮料总体积）与以每天杯数衡量的液体类型（水、红茶、咖啡、牛奶和其他液体）与肾功能快速衰退、CVD和全因死亡率之间的关联。
在10年的随访期内，70人（6.6%）经历了肾功能快速衰退，362人（34.4%）死亡，其中142人（13.5%）的死亡归因于CVD。总液体摄入量的中位数（四分位间距）为每天10.4（8.5 - 12.5）杯，水（中位数（四分位间距）为每天4（2 - 6）杯）和红茶（中位数（四分位间距）为每天3（1 - 4）杯）是最常饮用的液体类型。每天多饮用一杯红茶，CVD死亡率和全因死亡率的校正风险比分别为0.90（95%置信区间0.81至0.99）和0.92（95%置信区间0.86至0.98）。红茶摄入量与肾功能快速衰退之间没有关联，其他液体（包括水摄入量）的数量或类型与任何临床结局之间也没有关联。
习惯性较高的红茶摄入量可能会潜在地改善长期健康结局，独立于传统CVD危险因素的治疗，但对我们的研究结果进行验证至关重要。
