Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 1816 S Oak St., Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA.
Sci Rep. 2017 Apr 3;7:45387. doi: 10.1038/srep45387.
Phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of the Evacanthinae, a highly diverse leafhopper subfamily distributed worldwide, were explored by analysing a dataset of 100 discrete morphological characters and DNA sequence data from five gene regions. Sixty-seven taxa representing all evacanthine tribes and all regional faunas, and fourteen putative outgroup taxa were included. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses yielded similar tree topologies that were well resolved with strong support for the monophyly of Evacanthinae and its four previously included tribes, but indicated that Draconirvana Dietrich, was incorrectly placed to tribe and that Sophonia Walker, Evacanthus Le Peletier &Serville, Bundera Distant, Paraonukia Ishihara and Onukia Matsumura are not monophyletic. Divergence time analysis suggests that the deepest divergences coincided with breakup of Gondwana but that more recent divergences occurred largely within a single biogeographic realm during the Paleogene, with a few long-distance dispersal events. Biogeographical analyses suggest that Evacanthinae originated in Neotropical region. A new tribe, Pentoffiini trib.n., is established to include Pentoffia Kramer and Evanirvana Hill, the genus Draconirvana Dietrich, placement n. is transferred to Evacanthini from Nirvanini, a key to tribes is also given and illustrations of representative genera are provided.
对分布于全球的高度多样的叶蝉亚科 evacanthinae 的主要谱系的系统发育关系进行了研究，分析了 100 个离散形态特征数据集和来自五个基因区域的 DNA 序列数据。包括了代表所有 evacanthine 部落和所有区域动物群的 67 个分类单元，以及 14 个假定的外群分类单元。最大似然和贝叶斯分析得出了相似的树拓扑结构，对 evacanthinae 的单系性及其包含的四个先前部落具有强烈支持，但表明 draconirvana Dietrich 被错误地归入部落，而 sophonia Walker、Evacanthus Le Peletier & Serville、bundera Distant、Paraonukia Ishihara 和 Onukia Matsumura 不是单系的。分化时间分析表明，最深的分歧与冈瓦纳大陆的分裂相一致，但更近的分歧主要发生在古近纪的一个单一生物地理区域内，有少数远距离扩散事件。生物地理分析表明，Evacanthinae 起源于新热带地区。建立了一个新的部落 pentoffiini trib.n.，以包括 pentoffia Kramer 和 Evanirvana Hill，属 draconirvana Dietrich 的位置 n. 从 Nirvanini 转移到 Evacanthini，还给出了部落的关键和代表性属的说明。
