Ghazaei Ciamak
Department of Microbiology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran.
Malays J Med Sci. 2017 Mar;24(1):10-20. doi: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.1.2. Epub 2017 Feb 24.
The virulence of fungi is dependent on multiple factors, including the immune status of patients and biological features of fungi. In particular, the virulence of is due to the complex interaction among various molecules involved in thermotolerance (such as ribosomal biogenesis proteins, α-mannosyltransferase and heat shock proteins), pigment production (DHN-melanin), immune evasion (like melanin and hydrophobin) and nutrient uptake (such as siderophores and zinc transporters). Other molecules also play important roles in the virulence of , including cell wall components and those which maintain its integrity (for instance β-1-3 glucan, α-1-3 glucan, chitin, galactomannan and mannoproteins) and adhesion (such as hydrophobins), as well as various hydrolytic enzymes (such as serine and aspartic protease, phospholipases, metalloproteinase and dipeptidyl peptidases). Signalling molecules (including G-protein, cAMP, Ras protein and calcineurin) also increase the virulence through altering the metabolic response to stress conditions and toxins (such as gliotoxin, fumitremorgins, fumagatin and helvolic acid).
真菌的毒力取决于多种因素，包括患者的免疫状态和真菌的生物学特性。特别是，[此处原文可能缺失真菌名称]的毒力归因于参与耐热性的各种分子（如核糖体生物合成蛋白、α-甘露糖基转移酶和热休克蛋白）、色素产生（二羟基萘黑色素）、免疫逃避（如黑色素和疏水蛋白）以及营养摄取（如铁载体和锌转运蛋白）之间的复杂相互作用。其他分子在[此处原文可能缺失真菌名称]的毒力中也起重要作用，包括细胞壁成分及其维持完整性的成分（例如β-1,3-葡聚糖、α-1,3-葡聚糖、几丁质、半乳甘露聚糖和甘露糖蛋白）以及黏附（如疏水蛋白），还有各种水解酶（如丝氨酸和天冬氨酸蛋白酶、磷脂酶、金属蛋白酶和二肽基肽酶）。信号分子（包括G蛋白、环磷酸腺苷、Ras蛋白和钙调神经磷酸酶）也通过改变对应激条件和毒素（如胶霉毒素、烟曲霉震颤素、烟曲霉酸和展青霉素）的代谢反应来增加毒力。
