Linauskienė Kotryna, Malinauskienė Laura, Blažienė Audra
Clinic of Infectious and Chest Diseases, Dermatovenereology and Allergology, Centre of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:3964045. doi: 10.1155/2017/3964045. Epub 2017 Mar 16.
Metals are very frequent sensitizers causing contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis worldwide; up-to-date data based on patch test results has proved useful for the identification of a problem. In this retrospective study prevalence of contact allergy to metals (nickel, chromium, palladium, gold, cobalt, and titanium) in Lithuania is analysed. Clinical and patch test data of 546 patients patch tested in 2014-2016, in Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, was analysed and compared with previously published data. Almost third of tested patients (29.56%) were sensitized to nickel. Younger women were more often sensitized to nickel than older ones (36% versus 22.8%, = 0.0011). Women were significantly more often sensitized to nickel than men (33% versus 6.1%, < 0.0001). Younger patients were more often sensitized to cobalt (11.6% versus 5.7%, = 0.0183). Sensitization to cobalt was related to sensitization to nickel ( < 0.0001). Face dermatitis and oral discomfort were related to gold allergy (28% versus 6.9% dermatitis of other parts, < 0.0001). Older patients were patch test positive to gold(I) sodium thiosulfate statistically significantly more often than younger ones (44.44% versus 21.21%, = 0.0281). Nickel, gold, cobalt, and chromium are leading metal sensitizers in Lithuania. Cobalt sensitization is often accompanied by sensitization to nickel. Sensitivity rate to palladium and nickel indicates possible cross-reactivity. No sensitization to titanium was found.
金属是引起接触性过敏和过敏性接触性皮炎的常见致敏原，在全球范围内均有发生；基于斑贴试验结果的最新数据已被证明有助于识别该问题。在这项回顾性研究中，分析了立陶宛对金属（镍、铬、钯、金、钴和钛）接触性过敏的患病率。分析了2014年至2016年在维尔纽斯大学医院圣塔里斯基乌临床医院接受斑贴试验的546例患者的临床和斑贴试验数据，并与先前发表的数据进行了比较。几乎三分之一的受试患者（29.56%）对镍过敏。年轻女性比年长女性更易对镍过敏（36%对22.8%，P = 0.0011）。女性对镍过敏的比例显著高于男性（33%对6.1%，P < 0.0001）。年轻患者更易对钴过敏（11.6%对5.7%，P = 0.0183）。对钴的致敏与对镍的致敏相关（P < 0.0001）。面部皮炎和口腔不适与金过敏有关（面部皮炎患者占28%，其他部位皮炎患者占6.9%，P < 0.0001）。老年患者对硫代硫酸钠金（I）斑贴试验呈阳性的比例在统计学上显著高于年轻患者（44.44%对21.21%，P = 0.0281）。镍、金、钴和铬是立陶宛主要的金属致敏原。钴致敏常伴有镍致敏。对钯和镍的敏感率表明可能存在交叉反应。未发现对钛过敏的情况。
