Ambe Kimiharu, Watanabe Hiroki, Takahashi Shinya, Nakagawa Toshihiro, Sasaki Junzo
Division of Oral Histology, Department of Morphological Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan.
Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2016 Feb;52(1):14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2015.08.001. Epub 2015 Sep 11.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical which is produced from a wide variety of cells and tissues in the human body. NO is involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, such as vascular relaxation, neurotransmission, immune regulation, and cell death. NO is generated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which has three identified isoforms: neuronal type NOS (nNOS), endothelial type NOS (eNOS), and inducible type NOS (iNOS). Different isoforms are expressed depending on the organs, tissues, and cells, and investigation of the types and functions of enzymes expressed in various tissues is underway. The oral cavity is a space in which marked changes have been detected in NO levels, and each tissue is constantly influenced by NO. NO is a component of saliva and is produced by oral bacteria in the oral cavity and released by NOS expressed in oral mucosa. NOS isoforms expressed under normal conditions differ among the oral organs. In addition, the overexpression of NOS was involved in carcinogenesis and tumor growth progression. This review summarized the expression of NOS and functions of NO in oral cavity organs, and their roles in diseases and the influences of treatments.
一氧化氮（NO）是一种自由基，由人体多种细胞和组织产生。NO参与许多生理过程的调节，如血管舒张、神经传递、免疫调节和细胞死亡。NO由一氧化氮合酶（NOS）生成，已确定有三种同工型：神经元型NOS（nNOS）、内皮型NOS（eNOS）和诱导型NOS（iNOS）。不同的同工型根据器官、组织和细胞表达，对各种组织中表达的酶的类型和功能的研究正在进行中。口腔是一个已检测到NO水平有显著变化的空间，每个组织都不断受到NO的影响。NO是唾液的一种成分，由口腔中的口腔细菌产生，并由口腔黏膜中表达的NOS释放。正常条件下表达的NOS同工型在口腔器官之间存在差异。此外，NOS的过表达与致癌作用和肿瘤生长进展有关。本文综述了NOS在口腔器官中的表达、NO的功能及其在疾病中的作用和治疗的影响。
