Halliday Tanya M, Savla Jyoti, Marinik Elaina L, Hedrick Valisa E, Winett Richard A, Davy Brenda M
Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 338 Wallace Hall, Mail Code 0430, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Current Affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, 12348 E. Montview Blvd, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Department of Human Development, Center for Gerontology, 230 Grove Lane, Mail Code 0555, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Physiol Behav. 2017 Aug 1;177:49-56. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.04.013. Epub 2017 Apr 14.
Aerobic exercise interventions have been shown to result in alterations to dietary intake and non-exercise physical activity (PA). To date, the ability for resistance training (RT) to influence other health-related behaviors has not been examined. This study aimed to determine if initiation and maintenance of RT is associated with spontaneous changes in dietary quality and non-RT PA in adults with prediabetes.
Overweight/obese adults (n=170, BMI=32.9±3.8kg·m, age=59.5±5.5years, 73% female) with prediabetes were enrolled in the 15-month Resist Diabetes trial. Participants completed a supervised 3-month RT initiation phase followed by a 6-month maintenance phase and a 6-month no-contact phase. Participants were not encouraged to change eating or non-RT PA behaviors. At baseline, and months 3, 9, and 15, three 24-hour diet recalls were collected to evaluate dietary intake and quality, the Aerobics Institute Longitudinal Study Questionnaire was completed to evaluate non-RT PA, and body mass, body composition (DXA), and muscular strength were measured. At months 3, 9, and 15 social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs were assessed with a RT Health Beliefs Questionnaire. Mixed effects models were used to assess changes in dietary intake and non-RT PA over the 15-month study period.
Energy and carbohydrate intake decreased with RT initiation and maintenance phases (baseline to month 9: β=-87.9, p=0.015 and β=-16.3, p<0.001, respectively). No change in overall dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index [HEI]-2010 score: β=-0.13, p=0.722) occurred, but alterations in HEI-2010 sub-scores were detected. Maintenance of RT was accompanied by an increase in MET-min/week of total non-RT PA (month 3 to month 9: β=146.2, p=0.01), which was predicted by increased self-regulation and decreased negative outcome expectancies for RT (β=83.7, p=0.014 and β=-70.0, p=0.038, respectively).
Initiation and maintenance of RT may be a gateway behavior leading to improvements in other health-related behaviors. These results provide rationale for single-component lifestyle interventions as an alternative to multi-component interventions, when resources are limited.
有氧运动干预已被证明会导致饮食摄入和非运动性身体活动（PA）的改变。迄今为止，抗阻训练（RT）对其他健康相关行为的影响尚未得到研究。本研究旨在确定RT的启动和维持是否与糖尿病前期成年人的饮食质量和非RT PA的自发变化相关。
超重/肥胖的糖尿病前期成年人（n = 170，BMI = 32.9±3.8kg·m，年龄 = 59.5±5.5岁，73%为女性）参加了为期15个月的抗阻糖尿病试验。参与者完成了一个为期3个月的有监督的RT启动阶段，随后是一个为期6个月的维持阶段和一个为期6个月的无接触阶段。不鼓励参与者改变饮食或非RT PA行为。在基线、第3、9和15个月时，收集三次24小时饮食回忆以评估饮食摄入和质量，完成有氧运动研究所纵向研究问卷以评估非RT PA，并测量体重、身体成分（双能X线吸收法）和肌肉力量。在第3、9和15个月时，用RT健康信念问卷评估社会认知理论（SCT）结构。使用混合效应模型评估15个月研究期间饮食摄入和非RT PA的变化。
在RT启动和维持阶段，能量和碳水化合物摄入量下降（从基线到第9个月：β = -87.9，p = 0.015和β = -16.3，p < 0.001）。总体饮食质量没有变化（健康饮食指数[HEI]-2010得分：β = -0.13，p = 0.722），但检测到HEI-2010子得分有变化。RT的维持伴随着总非RT PA的每周代谢当量分钟数增加（第3个月到第9个月：β = 146.2，p = 0.01），这是由自我调节增加和对RT的负面结果预期降低所预测的（分别为β = 83.7，p = 0.014和β = -70.0，p = 0.038）。
RT的启动和维持可能是一种导致其他健康相关行为改善的关键行为。当资源有限时，这些结果为单组分生活方式干预作为多组分干预的替代方案提供了理论依据。
