更年期女性的生活质量：西孟加拉邦农村地区的一项基于社区的研究。
Quality of life among menopausal women: A community-based study in a rural area of West Bengal.
作者信息
Karmakar Nabarun, Majumdar Somak, Dasgupta Aparajita, Das Sulagna
机构信息
Department of Community Medicine, Tripura Medical College and Dr. BRAM Teaching Hospital, Agartala, Tripura, India.
Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
出版信息
J Midlife Health. 2017 Jan-Mar;8(1):21-27. doi: 10.4103/jmh.JMH_78_16.
INTRODUCTION
During menopausal transition, there is a lot of fluctuation in the hormone levels making the peri and postmenopausal women susceptible to various mental and physical disorders. There is considerably lack of awareness about the effects of the menopausal symptoms in women in India. Studies on issues relating to menopause, especially among rural women, are also lacking. With this background, the current study was carried out in a rural area of West Bengal with the objective to assess the quality of life (QOL) of peri-menopausal women.
METHODOLOGY
The study was carried out among 100 peri and postmenopausal women (40-60 years) in Dearah village of West Bengal which is the rural field practice area of All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health during February-March 2014. The questionnaire used as study tool had two parts - Part 1: Sociodemographic characteristics. Part 2: About QOL due to menopausal symptoms based on four domains (vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual) using the 29-item Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire.
RESULTS
Occurrence of vasomotor symptoms was average with 60% of them reporting hot flushes and 47% sweating. Most prevalent psychosocial symptoms reported were feeling of anxiety and nervousness (94%) and overall depression (88%). Physical symptoms were quite varying in occurrence with some symptoms such as feeling tired or worn out, decrease in physical strength and lack of energy occurring in 93% of the women to only 5% suffering from growth of facial hair. Overall sexual changes were reported among 49% who reported of avoiding intimacy with a partner and 26% complained of vaginal dryness.
CONCLUSIONS
The results support that menopause causes both physical and psychiatric problems. Education, creating awareness and providing suitable intervention to improve their QOL are important which should be imparted to menopausal women at both individual and community level.
引言
在围绝经期过渡期间，激素水平波动很大，使围绝经期和绝经后妇女易患各种身心疾病。印度女性对绝经症状的影响普遍缺乏认识。关于绝经相关问题的研究也很匮乏，尤其是在农村妇女中。在此背景下，本研究在西孟加拉邦的一个农村地区开展，旨在评估围绝经期妇女的生活质量（QOL）。
方法
2014年2月至3月，在西孟加拉邦Dearah村对100名围绝经期和绝经后妇女（40 - 60岁）进行了研究，该村是全印度卫生与公共卫生研究所的农村实地实践区域。用作研究工具的问卷有两部分——第1部分：社会人口学特征。第2部分：基于四个领域（血管舒缩、心理社会、身体和性方面），使用29项绝经特异性生活质量问卷，了解绝经症状对生活质量的影响。
结果
血管舒缩症状的发生率处于中等水平，其中60%的人报告有潮热，47%的人报告有出汗。报告最普遍的心理社会症状是焦虑和紧张感（94%）以及总体抑郁（88%）。身体症状的发生率差异很大，有些症状如感到疲倦或疲惫、体力下降和缺乏精力在93% 的女性中出现，而只有5% 的女性有面部毛发增多的情况。49% 的人报告了总体性方面的变化，其中报告避免与伴侣亲密接触的占49%，26% 的人抱怨阴道干燥。
结论
结果表明绝经会导致身体和精神问题。开展教育、提高认识并提供适当干预以改善她们的生活质量很重要，这应该在个体和社区层面传授给绝经妇女。
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