Liu Xin-Chao, He Yu, Han Deng-Ge, Zhang Zhen-Chao, Li Ke, Wang Shuai, Xu Li-Xin, Yan Ruo-Feng, Li Xiang-Rui
College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2017 May 9;6(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s40249-017-0277-3.
Soil is increasingly recognized as an important source in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of T. gondii in the soil and to grasp the relationships between the contamination of soil and chicken infections.
PCR method based on T. gondii-conserved gene internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) as target gene and ELISA method (sGRA8-ELISA) using the recombinant protein of shortened GRA8 gene of T. gondii as antigen were developed and applied. From April 2013 to March 2014, a total of 700 soil samples were collected at various sites located in thirty farms categorized as free range farm and scale farm in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, in different seasons. Additionally, a total of 350 sera of chickens were collected from free range farms to determine the presence of antibodies against T. gondii using sGRA8-ELISA.
The serological results showed that, antibodies were found in 194 of 250 (67.14%) samples from farms with T. gondii positive in soil and 41 of 100 samples from farms with T. gondii negative in soil (41.00%) (P < 0.01). The PCR detection of soil samples showed that, 7 (2.0%) of 350 samples collected from feeding zone in free range farms were found positive of T. gondii, whereas no sample was positive in scale farms. In the seasonal detections, T. gondii was found in 6 (3.33%) samples collected in autumn and 1 (0.56%) collected in winter.
The results indicated that the contamination of T. gondii in soil in the free range farms was higher than that in the scale farms and seroprevalence of T. gondii in chickens in the farm with soil contamination was higher than that with no soil contamination. The soil contamination might be an effective indicator of T. gondii infection in chickens.
土壤日益被认为是刚地弓形虫传播的重要源头。本研究旨在调查土壤中刚地弓形虫的存在情况，并掌握土壤污染与鸡感染之间的关系。
开发并应用了以刚地弓形虫保守基因内部转录间隔区1（ITS-1）为靶基因的PCR方法，以及以刚地弓形虫缩短的GRA8基因重组蛋白为抗原的ELISA方法（sGRA8-ELISA）。2013年4月至2014年3月，在中国江苏南京的30个分为散养场和规模化养殖场的农场的不同地点，于不同季节共采集了700份土壤样本。此外，从散养场共采集了350份鸡血清，用sGRA8-ELISA法检测抗刚地弓形虫抗体的存在情况。
血清学结果显示，土壤中刚地弓形虫呈阳性的养殖场的250份样本中有194份（67.14%）检测到抗体，土壤中刚地弓形虫呈阴性的养殖场的100份样本中有41份（41.00%）检测到抗体（P＜0.01）。土壤样本的PCR检测显示，散养场采食区采集的350份样本中有7份（2.0%）刚地弓形虫呈阳性，而规模化养殖场无样本呈阳性。在季节性检测中，秋季采集的6份样本（3.33%）和冬季采集的1份样本（0.56%）中发现了刚地弓形虫。
结果表明，散养场土壤中刚地弓形虫的污染高于规模化养殖场，土壤受污染养殖场鸡的刚地弓形虫血清阳性率高于未受污染养殖场。土壤污染可能是鸡刚地弓形虫感染的一个有效指标。
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