Adatia Adil, Clarke Ann Elaine, Yanishevsky Yarden, Ben-Shoshan Moshe
Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton.
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary.
J Asthma Allergy. 2017 Apr 27;10:141-151. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S113612. eCollection 2017.
Sesame is an important global allergen affecting ~0.1% of the North American population. It is a major cause of anaphylaxis in the Middle East and is the third most common food allergen in Israel. We conducted a systematic review of original articles published in the last 10 years regarding the diagnosis and management of sesame allergy. Skin prick testing appears to be a useful predictor of sesame allergy in infants, although data are less consistent in older children and adults. The diagnostic capacity of serum-specific immunoglobulin E is poor, especially in studies that used oral food challenges to confirm the diagnosis. Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge thus remains the diagnostic gold standard for sesame allergy. The cornerstone of sesame allergy management is allergen avoidance, though accidental exposures are common and patients must be prepared to treat the consequent reactions with epinephrine. Novel diagnostic and treatment options such as component-resolved diagnostics, basophil activation testing, and oral immunotherapy are under development but are not ready for mainstream clinical application.
芝麻是一种重要的全球性过敏原,影响着约0.1%的北美人口。它是中东地区过敏反应的主要原因,也是以色列第三常见的食物过敏原。我们对过去10年发表的关于芝麻过敏诊断和管理的原始文章进行了系统综述。皮肤点刺试验似乎是婴儿芝麻过敏的有用预测指标,不过在大龄儿童和成人中数据的一致性较差。血清特异性免疫球蛋白E的诊断能力较差,尤其是在那些使用口服食物激发试验来确诊的研究中。因此,双盲、安慰剂对照食物激发试验仍然是芝麻过敏的诊断金标准。芝麻过敏管理的基石是避免接触过敏原,不过意外接触很常见,患者必须准备好用肾上腺素治疗随之而来的反应。新型诊断和治疗方法,如组分分辨诊断、嗜碱性粒细胞活化试验和口服免疫疗法正在研发中,但尚未准备好用于主流临床应用。