Schroeder D C, Ecker H, Wingen S, Semeraro F, Böttiger B W
Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Str.62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgien.
Anaesthesist. 2017 Aug;66(8):589-597. doi: 10.1007/s00101-017-0319-z. Epub 2017 May 11.
Even in western developed countries, the probability of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is only 6-10%. In order to improve survival after OHCA, early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by laypersons is essential. Introduction of CPR training in schoolchildren seems to be effective to increase lay-CPR rates.
The objective of the present investigation was to elucidate educational aspects of teaching schoolchildren in CPR and to summarize campaigns related to a comprehensive establishment of lay-CPR worldwide.
A literature research in PubMed was performed, the cutoff date was 27 February 2017. Overall, 192 abstracts were analyzed; 51 articles were considered relevant and included in the manuscript. An additional keyword research in Google revealed >230,000 entries, and 20 of those were included in the present manuscript.
A minimum age of 12-13 years is required to achieve a comparable quality of CPR to adult basic life support (BLS). Key issues are (i) the correct detection of a cardiac arrest, (ii) a correctly performed call for help, (iii) thoracic compressions and (iv) if applicable, the initiation of adequate mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Practical training showed a significantly higher CPR quality compared to theoretical training only or to the use of instruction or online videos only. Worldwide implementation of a 2-h BLS training per year in children from the age of 12 or younger is recommended by the "Kids Save Lives"- statement since 2015. In Germany, implementation at the level of the federal states has progressed to different degrees.
即使在西方发达国家，院外心脏骤停（OHCA）后的存活概率也仅为6%-10%。为提高OHCA后的存活率，非专业人员尽早开始心肺复苏（CPR）至关重要。对学童开展CPR培训似乎有助于提高非专业CPR实施率。
本研究旨在阐明对学童进行CPR教学的教育要点，并总结全球范围内与全面建立非专业CPR相关的活动。
在PubMed上进行文献检索，截止日期为2017年2月27日。共分析了192篇摘要；51篇文章被认为相关并纳入本文。在谷歌上进行的额外关键词检索显示有超过230,000条记录，其中20条被纳入本文。
要达到与成人基础生命支持（BLS）相当的CPR质量，学童的最低年龄需为12-13岁。关键要点包括：（i）正确识别心脏骤停；（ii）正确呼救；（iii）胸外按压；（iv）必要时进行充分的口对口通气。与仅进行理论培训或仅使用教学资料或在线视频相比，实践培训显示CPR质量显著更高。自2015年起，“儿童拯救生命”声明建议每年对12岁及以下儿童开展2小时的BLS培训。在德国，各联邦州的实施进展程度不一。
