Hahn-Holbrook Jennifer, Haselton Martie
Department of Psychology, Chapman University, University of California, Los Angeles.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles.
Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2014 Dec;23(6):395-400. doi: 10.1177/0963721414547736. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
Access to calorie-dense foods, medicine, and other comforts has made modern humans healthier than our prehistoric ancestors in many respects. However, the epidemics of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease suggest that there are also drawbacks to modern living. Here, we address the question of whether the dramatic cultural changes that have occurred over the past century have inflated rates of postpartum depression, adding postpartum depression to the list of "diseases of modern civilization." We review evidence from cross-cultural, epidemiological, and experimental studies documenting associations between postpartum depression and modern patterns of early weaning, diets deficient in essential fatty acids, low levels of physical activity, low levels of sun exposure, and isolation from kin support networks, all of which mark significant divergences from lifestyles believed to have been typical throughout human evolutionary history. This "mismatch hypothesis" of postpartum depression integrates research across diverse research areas and generates novel predictions.
获取高热量食物、药物和其他舒适条件在许多方面使现代人类比我们的史前祖先更健康。然而，肥胖、糖尿病和心血管疾病的流行表明现代生活也存在弊端。在此，我们探讨过去一个世纪发生的巨大文化变迁是否导致产后抑郁症发病率上升这一问题，将产后抑郁症列入“现代文明病”清单。我们回顾了跨文化、流行病学和实验研究的证据，这些证据记录了产后抑郁症与现代早期断奶模式、必需脂肪酸缺乏的饮食、低水平身体活动、低水平日照以及与亲属支持网络隔离之间的关联，所有这些都标志着与人类进化史上被认为典型的生活方式有显著差异。产后抑郁症的这种“错配假说”整合了不同研究领域的研究，并产生了新的预测。
