Morrone Luigi A, Scuteri Damiana, Rombolà Laura, Mizoguchi Hirokazu, Bagetta Giacinto
Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
University Consortium for Adaptive Disorders and Head Pain (UCADH), Section of Neuropharmacology of Normal and Pathological Neuronal Plasticity, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017 Apr;15(3):444-456. doi: 10.2174/1570159X14666161101092822.
Chronic pain management represents a serious healthcare problem worldwide. Chronic pain affects approximately 20% of the adult European population and is more frequent in women and older people. Unfortunately, its management in the community remains generally unsatisfactory and rarely under the control of currently available analgesics. Opioids have been used as analgesics for a long history and are among the most used drugs; however, while there is no debate over their short term use for pain management, limited evidence supports their efficacy of long-term treatment for chronic non-cancer pain. Therapy with opioids is hampered by inter-individual variability and serious side effects and some opioids often result ineffective in the treatment of chronic pain and their use is controversial. Accordingly, for a better control of chronic pain a deeper knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to opiates is mandatory.
慢性疼痛管理是全球范围内一个严重的医疗保健问题。慢性疼痛影响着约20%的欧洲成年人口，在女性和老年人中更为常见。不幸的是，其在社区中的管理总体上仍不尽人意，并且很少能通过目前可用的镇痛药得到控制。阿片类药物作为镇痛药已有很长的使用历史，是使用最为广泛的药物之一；然而，尽管对于它们在疼痛管理中的短期使用没有争议，但支持其用于慢性非癌性疼痛长期治疗有效性的证据有限。阿片类药物治疗受到个体差异和严重副作用的阻碍，一些阿片类药物在慢性疼痛治疗中往往效果不佳，其使用也存在争议。因此，为了更好地控制慢性疼痛，必须更深入地了解对阿片类药物耐药的分子机制。
