Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011.
Toxicol Sci. 2017 Jul 1;158(1):3-13. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx074.
Chronic exposure to environmental toxins has been known to initiate or aggravate various neurological disorders, carcinomas and other adverse health effects. Uptake by naïve cells of pathogenic factors such as danger-associated molecules, mRNAs, miRNAs or aggregated proteins leads to disruption in cellular homeostasis further resulting in inflammation and disease propagation. Although early research tended to focus solely on exosomal removal of unwanted cellular contents, more recent reports indicate that these nano-vesicles play an active role in intercellular signaling. Not only is the exosomal cargo cell type-specific, but it also differs between healthy and dying cells. Moreover, following exosome uptake by naïve cells, the contents from these vesicles can alter the fate of recipient cells. Since exosomes can traverse long distances, they can influence distantly located cells and tissues. This review briefly explores the role played by environmental toxins in stimulating exosome release in the context of progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, as well as certain cancers such as lung, liver, ovarian, and tracheal carcinomas.
慢性暴露于环境毒素已知会引发或加重各种神经紊乱、癌和其他健康不良影响。幼稚细胞摄取病原体因子（如危险相关分子、mRNA、miRNA 或聚集蛋白）会导致细胞内稳态紊乱，进而导致炎症和疾病传播。尽管早期研究倾向于仅关注外泌体去除不需要的细胞内容物，但最近的报告表明，这些纳米囊泡在外细胞间信号传递中发挥着积极作用。外泌体的 cargo 不仅具有细胞类型特异性，而且在健康细胞和死亡细胞之间也有所不同。此外，在幼稚细胞摄取外泌体后，这些囊泡中的内容物可以改变受体细胞的命运。由于外泌体可以穿越长距离，它们可以影响远处的细胞和组织。这篇综述简要探讨了环境毒素在刺激外泌体释放方面的作用，特别是在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病等进行性神经退行性疾病以及肺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌和气管癌等某些癌症中。
